-n

See also Appendix:Variations of "n"

Esperanto

Etymology

The Greek accusative-singular inflection -n of the first and second declensions.

Suffix

-n

1. accusative ending; also marks direction and replaces prepositions.

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Finnish

Etymology 1

From the Uralic genitive suffix *-n.

Suffix

-n

1. (case suffix) Used to form the genitive case.

   tytön takki "a girl's coat"

   poikani takki "the coat of my son"

Usage notes

• When possessive suffixes are used, the genitive doesn't have its suffix -n. The possessive suffixes are appended to a vowel stem instead, thus often rendering the nominative and genitive singular identical.

Etymology 2

• From Fenno-Volgaic accusative suffix *-m.

Suffix

-n

1. (case suffix) Used to form the accusative case.

   • Näin tytön.
     • I saw a/the girl.
   • Tapasin poikani eilen.
     • I met my son yesterday.

Usage notes

• The genitive singular and accusative singular look coincidentally identical in Finnish. The object of an transitive verb may look also like the nominative but it's still called the accusative in traditional grammars. There's also the partial object, which uses the partitive case. For the accusative forms of personal pronouns and the interrogative pronoun ken, see -t.

Etymology 3

This definition is lacking an etymology or has an incomplete etymology. You can help Wiktionary by giving it a proper etymology.

Suffix

-n (not used with possessive suffixes)

1. (case suffix) Used to form the instructive case, usually only in the plural.

   Pääsin ojan yli kuivin jaloin "I could cross the ditch with dry feet."

Usage notes

• The only occasion where this suffix is used with a possessive suffix — without being to be translated — is the idiom käydä päinsä "to be acceptable" (the plural stem päi- of the noun pää and the suffix -nsä).

Etymology 4

• From the Uralic first-person singular suffix *-mV, probably connected with the first person pronoun *mV; see eg. Finnish minä.

Suffix

-n

1. (personal) The first-person singular suffix for verbs:

   • lukea -> luen "I read/am reading"
   • kadottaa -> kadotin "I lost (an item)"
   • tulla -> en tule "I won't come/I'm not coming" (to express negation, the suffix is in the negation verb instead of the main verb)

See also

• -t
• -mme
• -tte
• -vat

External links

• Wikipedia article on Finnish grammar

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Hungarian

Suffix

-n

1. Added to an adjective to form an adverb.

   ritka (“rare”) → ritkán (“rarely”)

2. on (superessive case ending)

   hajó (“ship”) → a hajón (“on the ship”)

Usage notes

• (adverbial suffix): Member of the following suffix cluster:

  -n is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.

  -an is added to back vowel words ending in a consonant

  -en is added to front vowel words ending in a consonant

• (superessive case): Member of the following suffix cluster:

  -n is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.

  -on is added to back vowel words ending in a consonant

  -en is added to unrounded front vowel words ending in a consonant

  -ön is added to rounded front vowel words ending in a consonant

See also

• Category:Hungarian adverbs suffixed with -n
• Category:Hungarian noun forms - superessive
• Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

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Swedish

Suffix

-n

1. Suffix for singular definite form of common nouns, especially those ending with a vowel or with an unstressed -el, -er or -or. See also -en
2. Suffix for plural indefinite form of neuter nouns, if they end in a vowel. See also -t, -en.
3. A version of the -en of the fourth conjugation past participles. This allomorph is used only before the suffix -a, which marks for plural or definiteness. The -na of these participle forms may also be seen described as one morpheme.
4. Suffix which creates nouns out of certain verbs, usually denoting a result of an action. See also -an