-ul

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Azerbaijani[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Suffix[edit]

preceding vowel
A / I E / Ə / İ O / U Ö / Ü
postconsonantal
except after L
-ıl -il -ul -ül
after L -ın -in -un -ün
postvocalic -n

-ul

  1. Form of -il after the vowels O / U and a consonant other than L.
    yormaq (to tire out) + ‎-ul → ‎yorulmaq (to get tired)
    tutmaq (to catch) + ‎-ul → ‎tutulmaq (to get caught)

Derived terms[edit]

See -il.

Hungarian[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Suffix[edit]

-ul

  1. (verb-forming suffix) Added to a word to form an intransitive verb with a middle-voice meaning.
    csoportos (collective) + ‎-ul → ‎csoportosul (to form a group)
    azonos (identical) + ‎-ul → ‎azonosul (to identify; to associate oneself with some group)
    von (to pull) + ‎-ul → ‎vonul (to go along, to stalk, to march, literally to pull oneself)
    alak (shape) + ‎-ul → ‎alakul (to take shape)
Usage notes[edit]
  • (verb-forming suffix) Variants:
    -ul is added to back-vowel words. The final vowel is dropped.
    lassú (slow) + ‎-ul → ‎lassul (to slow down)
    -ül is added to front-vowel words. The final vowel is dropped.
    béke (peace) + ‎-ul → ‎békül (to make peace)
Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Suffix[edit]

-ul/-ül (essive-modal case suffix)

  1. (essive sense) as, with the intention of
    Synonyms: -ként, -képp/-képpen, (stating the capacity) mint
    ajándék (gift, present) + ‎-ul → ‎ajándékul (as a gift)
    példa (example) + ‎-ul → ‎például (for example; as an example)
  2. (modal sense, adverb-forming suffix) Added to an adjective to form an adverb.
    rossz (bad) + ‎-ul → ‎rosszul (badly)
    angol (English) + ‎-ul → ‎angolul (in English)
Usage notes[edit]
  • (essive-modal case suffix) Variants:
    -ul is added to back-vowel words. Final -a changes to -á-.
    -ül is added to front-vowel words. Final -e changes to -é-.
Derived terms[edit]

See also[edit]

Middle English[edit]

Suffix[edit]

-ul

  1. Alternative form of -el (agentive suffix)

Old English[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Suffix[edit]

-ul

  1. Alternative form of -el
  2. Alternative form of -ol

Romanian[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

  • -lfor masculine and neuter nouns ending in a vowel other than -e or -i
  • -lefor masculine and neuter nouns ending in -e

Etymology[edit]

Variant of -l with the original u (lost in most modern Romanian nouns) reappearing at the end of the noun it is attached to as a link to the definite article to make pronunciation smoother. For example, in its evolution from Latin, the word foc probably passed through a phase in early Romanian where it was *focu, but the u only appears now as a part of the definite form, focul (with the definite article suffix -l), corresponding to Vulgar Latin *focu illu. The grammatical rule was generalized and also came to apply to nouns of non-Latin origin after they became part of Romanian (e.g. războirăzboiul). Compare Aromanian -lu.

Pronunciation[edit]

Suffix[edit]

-ul m or n

  1. variant of -l
    the (definite article)

Usage notes[edit]

This form of the definite article is used for both masculine and neuter singular nouns in the nominative and accusative cases which do not end in a vowel, except for -i (which is somewhat uncommon in Romanian):

The suffix is also used with masculine and neuter singular adjectives in the nominative and accusative cases to make the articulated definite form, often for emphasis, and it is used before the noun it modifies:

In informal speech, the final -l is often not pronounced.

Related terms[edit]

See also[edit]

Turkish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Suffix[edit]

preceding vowel
A / I E / İ O / U Ö / Ü
postconsonantal
except after L
-ıl -il -ul -ül
after L -ın -in -un -ün
postvocalic -n

-ul

  1. Form of -il after the vowels O / U and a consonant other than L.
    yormak (to tire out) + ‎-ul → ‎yorulmak (to get tired)
    tutmak (to hold) + ‎-ul → ‎tutulmak (to be held)

Derived terms[edit]

See -il.