-ul

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Azerbaijani

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Pronunciation

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Suffix

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preceding vowel
A / I E / Ə / İ O / U Ö / Ü
postconsonantal
except after L
-ıl -il -ul -ül
after L -ın -in -un -ün
postvocalic -n

-ul

  1. Form of -il after the vowels O / U and a consonant other than L.
    yormaq (to tire out) + ‎-ul → ‎yorulmaq (to get tired)
    tutmaq (to catch) + ‎-ul → ‎tutulmaq (to get caught)

Derived terms

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See -il.

Hungarian

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Suffix

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-ul

  1. (verb-forming suffix) Added to a word to form an intransitive verb with a middle-voice meaning.
    csoportos (collective) + ‎-ul → ‎csoportosul (to form a group)
    azonos (identical) + ‎-ul → ‎azonosul (to identify; to associate oneself with some group)
    von (to pull) + ‎-ul → ‎vonul (to go along, to stalk, to march, literally to pull oneself)
    alak (shape) + ‎-ul → ‎alakul (to take shape)
Usage notes
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  • (verb-forming suffix) Variants:
    -ul is added to back-vowel words. The final vowel is dropped.
    lassú (slow) + ‎-ul → ‎lassul (to slow down)
    -ül is added to front-vowel words. The final vowel is dropped.
    béke (peace) + ‎-ul → ‎békül (to make peace)
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Suffix

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-ul/-ül (essive-modal case suffix)

  1. (essive sense) as, with the intention of
    Synonyms: -ként, -képp/-képpen, (stating the capacity) mint
    ajándék (gift, present) + ‎-ul → ‎ajándékul (as a gift)
    példa (example) + ‎-ul → ‎például (for example; as an example)
  2. (modal sense, adverb-forming suffix) Added to an adjective to form an adverb.
    rossz (bad) + ‎-ul → ‎rosszul (badly)
    angol (English) + ‎-ul → ‎angolul (in English)
Usage notes
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  • (essive-modal case suffix) Variants:
    -ul is added to back-vowel words. Final -a changes to -á-.
    -ül is added to front-vowel words. Final -e changes to -é-.
Derived terms
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See also

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Middle English

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Suffix

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-ul

  1. Alternative form of -el (agentive suffix)

Old English

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Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-ul

  1. Alternative form of -el
  2. Alternative form of -ol

Romanian

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Alternative forms

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  • -lfor masculine and neuter nouns ending in a vowel other than -e or -i
  • -lefor masculine and neuter nouns ending in -e

Etymology

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Identical to -l (a contracted form of an older -lu, from a clipping of Vulgar Latin *illu, from Latin ille), compare Aromanian -lu.

Due to the misunderstanding of modern speakers, *-ul* is assumed to be a separate suffix. In older Romanian (still dialectially attested and present in place names) masculine nouns end in -u for example: focu (now foc). A tendency to drop the pronunciation of final -u sounds lead to the modern pronunciation. Accordingly the old definite form for focu is foculu. Thus when subjected to final u dropping it results in the modern form focul. It is not that -ul is a suffix, but that the indefinite form is contracted, such that its not immediately obvious.

Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-ul m or n

  1. variant of -l
    the (definite article)

Usage notes

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This form of the definite article is used for both masculine and neuter singular nouns in the nominative and accusative cases which do not end in a vowel, except for -i (which is somewhat uncommon in Romanian):

The suffix is also used with masculine and neuter singular adjectives in the nominative and accusative cases to make the articulated definite form, often for emphasis, and it is used before the noun it modifies:

In informal speech, the final -l is often not pronounced.

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See also

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Turkish

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Pronunciation

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Suffix

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preceding vowel
A / I E / İ O / U Ö / Ü
postconsonantal
except after L
-ıl -il -ul -ül
after L -ın -in -un -ün
postvocalic -n

-ul

  1. Form of -il after the vowels O / U and a consonant other than L.
    yormak (to tire out) + ‎-ul → ‎yorulmak (to get tired)
    tutmak (to hold) + ‎-ul → ‎tutulmak (to be held)

Derived terms

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See -il.