by

Definition from Wiktionary, a free dictionary

Wikipedia

Contents 1 English 1.1 Alternative spellings 1.2 Pronunciation 1.3 Etymology 1.4 Preposition 1.4.1 Derived terms 1.4.2 Translations 1.5 Adverb 1.5.1 Derived terms 1.5.2 Translations 1.6 Adjective 1.6.1 Antonyms 1.6.2 Derived terms 1.7 Noun 1.8 Interjection 1.9 Abbreviation 2 Danish 2.1 Etymology 2.2 Noun 2.2.1 Related terms 2.2.2 Inflection 3 Lojban 3.1 Cmavo 4 Norwegian 4.1 Noun 4.2 Verb 5 Polish 5.1 Pronunciation 5.2 Particle 5.2.1 Synonyms 5.3 Conjunction 5.3.1 Synonyms 6 Swedish 6.1 Pronunciation 6.2 Noun 6.2.1 Related terms 7 West Frisian 7.1 Pronunciation 7.2 Preposition

[edit] English

[edit] Alternative spellings

• bye (archaic for preposition and adverb, not used for abbreviation, preferred for noun and interjection)

[edit] Pronunciation

• (UK, US) IPA: /baɪ/, SAMPA: /baI/
•  Audio (US)^{help, file}
• Rhymes: -aɪ
• Homophones: bi, bye, buy

[edit] Etymology

From Old English bī

[edit] Preposition

by

1. Near or next to.

   The mailbox is by the bus stop.

2. At some time before (the given time), or before the end of a given time interval.

   Be back by ten o'clock!

   We will send it by the first week of July.

3. Indicates the actor in a clause with its verb in the passive voice Through the action or presence of.

   The matter was decided by the chairman.

   The boat was swamped by the water.

   He was protected by his body armour.

4. (Indicates the creator of a work) Existing through the authorship etc of.

   There are many well-known plays by William Shakespeare

5. (Indicates the cause of a condition or event) Through the action of, caused by, responsibility for; by dint of.

   1874 Thomas Hardy, Far From the Madding Crowd, 2005 Barnes & Noble Classics publication of 1912 Wessex edition, p109:

   • In other directions the fields and sky were so much of one colour by the snow that it was difficult in a hasty glance to tell whereabouts the horizon occurred [...]

6. (Indicates a means) Involving/using the means of.

   I avoided the guards by moving only when they weren't looking.

7. (Indicates a rule followed) Using the rules or logic of.

   I sorted the items by category.

8. (Indicates the amount of some progression) With a change of.

   Our stock is up by ten percent.

9. (In the formulae X by X and by Xs, indicates a steady progression, one X after another.)

   We went through the book page by page.

   We crawled forward by inches.

10. (Indicates an oath) With the authority of.

    By Jove! I think she's got it!

    By all that is holy, I'll put an end to this.

[edit] Derived terms

[edit] Translations

[edit] Adverb

by

1. Along a path which runs by the speaker.

   I watched as it passed by.

[edit] Derived terms

[edit] Translations

[edit] Adjective

by (not comparable)

1. Out of the way, subsidiary.

[edit] Antonyms

• main, principal

[edit] Derived terms

• bypass
• byroad
• bystander
• byway

[edit] Noun

by (plural bys)

1. (card games) A pass

[edit] Interjection

by

1. Alternative spelling of bye.

[edit] Abbreviation

BY

1. Belarus, a member state of the United Nations.
2. Bavaria, a federal state of Germany.

---

[edit] Danish

[edit] Etymology

From Old Norse býr (“‘settlement’”).

[edit] Noun

by c. (singular definite byen, plural indefinite byer)

1. town, city

[edit] Related terms

bydel c bymidte c bymæssig byområde n byorkester n byplanlægning c

byret c byråd n byvåben n byzone c landsby c

[edit] Inflection

---

[edit] Lojban

[edit] Cmavo

by

1. letteral for b

---

[edit] Norwegian

[edit] Noun

by m.

1. town, city

[edit] Verb

by

1. bid; offer
2. command; order
3. ask; invite

---

[edit] Polish

[edit] Pronunciation

• IPA: [bɨ]

[edit] Particle

by

1. (always before a verb) a particle used to make conditional mood; would, should

   On by tam nie poszedł. = On nie poszedłby tam. — He would not go there.

	singular	plural
1st person	bym	byśmy
2nd person	byś	byście
3rd person	by	by

[edit] Synonyms

• -by (suffix)

[edit] Conjunction

by

1. in order to

[edit] Synonyms

• aby, żeby

---

[edit] Swedish

[edit] Pronunciation

•  audio^{help, file}

[edit] Noun

Inflection for by	Singular		Plural
common	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Base form	by	byn	byar	byarna
Possessive form	bys	byns	byars	byarnas

by c.

1. village
2. breeze, gust

[edit] Related terms

village

• byalag
• hemby

breeze

• stormby

---

[edit] West Frisian

[edit] Pronunciation

• IPA: /bεı/

[edit] Preposition

by

1. near to