il

See also Appendix:Variations of "il"

Translingual

Alternative forms

• IL, XLIX, xlix

Cardinal number

il

1. (informal) A Roman numeral representing forty-nine (49).

See also

• Previous: iil (forty-eight, 48)
• Next: l (fifty, 50)

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Azeri

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *jɨl.

Noun

il

1. year

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Danish

Noun

il c

1. (rare) haste, speed

Verb

il

1. imperative of ile

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Faroese

Iljar (“soles”).

Noun

il f (genitive singular iljar, plural iljar)

1. the sole of the foot

f8	Singular		Plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	il	ilin	iljar	iljarnar
Accusative	il	ilina	iljar	iljarnar
Dative	il	ilini	iljum	iljunum
Genitive	iljar	iljarinnar	ilja	iljanna

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French

Etymology

From Vulgar Latin *illī, which is related to Classical Latin ille.

Pronunciation

• audio

  (file)

• IPA: /il/, X-SAMPA: /il/
• Homophone: île

Pronoun

il (third-person singular, plural ils, object lui, emphatic lui)

1. he (third-person singular masculine object pronoun)
2. it (masculine or undetermined singular gender third-person singular subject pronoun)

Related terms

French personal pronouns

Number	Person	Gender	Nominative (subject)	Reflexive	Accusative (direct complement)	Dative (indirect complement)	Locative (at)	Genitive (of)	Disjunctive (tonic)
Singular	First	—	je, j’	me, m’			—	—	moi
	Second	—	tu, t’	te, t’			—	—	toi
	Third	Masculine	il	se, s’	le, l’	lui	y	en	lui
		Feminine	elle		la, l’				elle
		—	on		—	—	—	—	soi
Plural	First	—	nous	nous			—	—	nous
	Second	—	vous	vous			—	—	vous
	Third	Masculine	ils	se, s’	les	leur	y	en	eux
		Feminine	elles						elles

Anagrams

• li

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Icelandic

Iljar (“soles”).

Pronunciation

• IPA: /ɪːl/
• Rhymes: -ɪːl

Noun

il f (genitive singular iljar, plural iljar)

1. the sole of the foot

   Honum sagðist vera illt í ilinni.

   He said his sole hurt.

Declension

declension of il

f-s1	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	il	ilin	iljar	iljarnar
accusative	il	ilina	iljar	iljarnar
dative	il	ilinni	iljum	iljunum
genitive	iljar	iljarinnar	ilja	iljanna

Derived terms

• frá hvirfli til ilja

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Interlingua

Pronoun

il

1. there

   Il ha multe arbores illac.

   There are many trees there.

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Italian

Etymology

From Old Italian lo, via an intermediate form l, from Latin illum, ultimately from ille. The initial i is a svarabhakti vowel added to the form l in order to make the pronunciation easier.

Article

Italian Definite Articles
	singular	plural
masculine	il lo	i gli
feminine	la	le

il m sg (plural i)

1. the

Anagrams

• li, lì

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Maltese

Etymology

From Arabic ال (al-).

Pronunciation

• IPA: /ɪl/

Article

il

1. the

Usage notes

• Before the letters ċ, d, n, r, s, t, x, ż and z the l assimilates, resulting in the following forms:
  • iċ-, id-, in-, ir-, is-, it-, ix-, iz- and iż-

• This word (in all forms) connects to the following word with a hyphen

  il-mara (the woman)

  il-futur (the future)

  ix-xemx (the sun)

• The initial i is dropped before and after vowels

  l-iben (the son)

  rajna l-film (we saw the film)

  tax-xemx (of the sun)

  • ċ-, d-, n-, r-, s-, t-, x-, z- and ż-

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Middle French

Pronoun

il m

1. he
2. it (impersonal, or refering to an unknown person)

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Old French

Pronoun

il

1. he (third-person masculine singular subject pronoun)
2. they (third-person masculine plural subject pronoun)
   • circa 1170, Wace, Le Roman de Rou:

     S'il vos poent ataindre, ja vos areient tué.

     If they could range you, they would have already killed you.

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Old Irish

Alternative forms

• hil

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *pelh₁-; cognate with Gothic 𐍆𐌹𐌻𐌿 (filu, “much”), Greek πολύς (polus, “much”), Sanskrit पुरु (puru, “much”).

Pronunciation

• IPA: [il]

Adjective

il

1. much, many (usually as the first member of a compound, usually governs a plural noun)

   cosin taidbse il – "with much ostentation"

   Is amlid do·rigéni Dia corp duini ó il-ballaib. – "Thus God has made man's body of many members."

   Is ferr precept oldaas labrad il-béelre. – "Preaching is better than speaking many languages."

   trissam mrechtrad inna n-il-briathar – "through the variation of the many words"

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
il	unchanged	n-il
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

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Swedish

Noun

il c

1. (archaic) gust; a strong, abrupt rush of wind
2. (archaic) hurry

Declension

Declension of il

	singular		plural
Common	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	il	ilen	ilar	ilarna
genitive	ils	ilens	ilars	ilarnas

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Turkish

Noun

il

1. province

Synonyms

• vilayet