je

See also JE, -je, .je, and jé

Albanian

Pronunciation

• IPA: /jɛ/

Verb

je

1. second-person singular present indicative of jam

---

Czech

Pronunciation

• audio

  (file)

• IPA: /jɛ/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *jь, *ja, *je, originally from Proto-Indo-European *eno-, *ono-, *no-.

Pronoun

je (personal pronoun, accusative case)

1. the third-person plural accusative case of on
2. the third-person plural accusative case of ona
3. the third-person plural accusative case of ono

See also

• ně

Etymology 2

Formerly jest, from Proto-Slavic *estь, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁es-.

Verb

je

1. Third person singular present tense of být

---

Dutch

Pronunciation

• IPA: /jə/

Etymology 1

Pronoun

je (second person)

1. Second-person singular, subjective, mute form of jij (you)

   Wat doe je daar? — What are you doing there?

2. Second-person singular, objective, mute form of jou (you)

   Ik doe dit wel voor je. — I'll do this for you.

3. Second-person plural, subjective, mute form of jullie (you) (plural)

   Wat doe je daar? — What are you doing there?

4. Second-person plural, objective, mute form of jullie (you) (plural)

   Ik doe dit wel voor je. — I'll do this for you.

Declension

Dutch personal pronouns

	subject		object		possessive			reflexive
singular	full	unstr.	full	unstr.	full	unstr.	pred.
1st person	ik	'k1	mij	me	mijn	m'n1	mijne	me
2nd person	jij	je	jou	je	jouw	je	jouwe	je
2nd person dialectal	gij	ge	u	–	uw	–	uwe	u
2nd person formal	u	–	u	–	uw	–	uwe	zich
3rd person masculine	hij	ie1	hem	'm1	zijn	z'n1	zijne	zich
3rd person feminine	zij	ze	haar	'r1, d'r1	haar	'r1, d'r1	hare	zich
3rd person neuter	het	't1	het	't1	zijn	z'n1	zijne	zich
plural
1st person	wij	we	ons	–	ons, onze2	–	onze	ons
2nd person	jullie	je	jullie	je	jullie	je	–	je
2nd person dialectal	gij	ge	u	–	uw	–	uwe	u
2nd person formal	u	–	u	–	uw	–	uwe	zich
3rd person	zij	ze	hen3, hun4	ze	hun	–	hunne	zich
1) Not as common in written language. 2) Inflected as an adjective.				3) In prescriptivist use, used only as direct object (accusative). 4) In prescriptivist use, used only as indirect object (dative).

Etymology 2

Determiner

je (second person, possessive)

1. Second-person singular, mute form of jouw (your)

   Neem je boek en maak die oefening. — Take your book and do that exercise.

2. Second-person plural, mute form of jullie (your) (plural)

   Neem je boeken en maak die oefening. — Take your books and do that exercise.

Declension

Dutch personal pronouns

	subject		object		possessive			reflexive
singular	full	unstr.	full	unstr.	full	unstr.	pred.
1st person	ik	'k1	mij	me	mijn	m'n1	mijne	me
2nd person	jij	je	jou	je	jouw	je	jouwe	je
2nd person dialectal	gij	ge	u	–	uw	–	uwe	u
2nd person formal	u	–	u	–	uw	–	uwe	zich
3rd person masculine	hij	ie1	hem	'm1	zijn	z'n1	zijne	zich
3rd person feminine	zij	ze	haar	'r1, d'r1	haar	'r1, d'r1	hare	zich
3rd person neuter	het	't1	het	't1	zijn	z'n1	zijne	zich
plural
1st person	wij	we	ons	–	ons, onze2	–	onze	ons
2nd person	jullie	je	jullie	je	jullie	je	–	je
2nd person dialectal	gij	ge	u	–	uw	–	uwe	u
2nd person formal	u	–	u	–	uw	–	uwe	zich
3rd person	zij	ze	hen3, hun4	ze	hun	–	hunne	zich
1) Not as common in written language. 2) Inflected as an adjective.				3) In prescriptivist use, used only as direct object (accusative). 4) In prescriptivist use, used only as indirect object (dative).

Etymology 3

Pronoun

je (second person, reflexive)

1. Second-person singular of je (yourself)

   Heb je je gewassen? — Did you wash yourself?

2. Second-person plural of je (yourselves)

   Hebben jullie je goed voorbereid? — Have you all prepared yourselves well?

Declension

Dutch personal pronouns

	subject		object		possessive			reflexive
singular	full	unstr.	full	unstr.	full	unstr.	pred.
1st person	ik	'k1	mij	me	mijn	m'n1	mijne	me
2nd person	jij	je	jou	je	jouw	je	jouwe	je
2nd person dialectal	gij	ge	u	–	uw	–	uwe	u
2nd person formal	u	–	u	–	uw	–	uwe	zich
3rd person masculine	hij	ie1	hem	'm1	zijn	z'n1	zijne	zich
3rd person feminine	zij	ze	haar	'r1, d'r1	haar	'r1, d'r1	hare	zich
3rd person neuter	het	't1	het	't1	zijn	z'n1	zijne	zich
plural
1st person	wij	we	ons	–	ons, onze2	–	onze	ons
2nd person	jullie	je	jullie	je	jullie	je	–	je
2nd person dialectal	gij	ge	u	–	uw	–	uwe	u
2nd person formal	u	–	u	–	uw	–	uwe	zich
3rd person	zij	ze	hen3, hun4	ze	hun	–	hunne	zich
1) Not as common in written language. 2) Inflected as an adjective.				3) In prescriptivist use, used only as direct object (accusative). 4) In prescriptivist use, used only as indirect object (dative).

---

Esperanto

Pronunciation

• IPA: /je/, X-SAMPA: /je/

Preposition

je

1. An all-purpose preposition.

Usage notes

The preposition je can replace any other preposition and remain grammatically correct, albeit more ambiguous. It is usually clear what meaning is intended based on context.

Without context, Donu ĝin je mi could mean any of the following:

Donu ĝin je [al] mi. — “Give it to me.”

Donu ĝin je [el] mi. — “Give it from me.”

Donu ĝin je [kun] mi. — “Give it with me.”

Without context, La kato saltis je la tablon could mean any of the following:

La kato saltis je [sur] la tablon. — “The cat jumped onto the table.”

La kato saltis je [malsupre] la tablon. — “The cat jumped under the table.”

La kato saltis je [malantaŭ] la tablon. — “The cat jumped behind the table.”

Related terms

• je la tria
• je mia bedaŭro

Noun

je (plural je-oj, accusative singular je-on, accusative plural je-ojn)

1. The name of the Latin script letter J/j.

See also

• (Latin script letter names) litero; a, bo/be, co/ce, ĉo/ĉa, do/de, e, fo/ef, go/ge, ĝo/ĝe, ho/ha, ĥo/ĥi, i, jo/je, ĵo/ĵi, ko/ka, lo/el, mo/om, no/en, o, po/pa, ro/ar, so/es, ŝo/eŝ, to/ta, u, ŭo/eŭ, vo/vi, zo/ze ^{(Category: eo:Latin letter names) [edit]}

---

French

Etymology

Old French jo, From Vulgar Latin *eo, from Latin ego, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂. Near cognates include Spanish yo and Italian io. Further cognates include Ancient Greek ἐγώ (egṓ), Russian Я (ya) English I, German ich, etc.

Pronunciation

• audio

  (file)

• IPA: /ʒə/, SAMPA: /Z@/

Pronoun

je (first person singular, plural nous, object me, emphatic moi)

1. I.

Usage notes

• When more pronouns are included in the same sentence, it is considered impolite to say the pronoun je at first, it must be the last one, and tu must be said after absent (this applies also for toi and moi):
  • Nous irons, Rose, toi et moi, "Rose, you and I will go".

Related terms

French personal pronouns

Number	Person	Gender	Nominative (subject)	Reflexive	Accusative (direct complement)	Dative (indirect complement)	Locative (at)	Genitive (of)	Disjunctive (tonic)
Singular	First	—	je, j'	me, m'			—	—	moi
	Second	—	tu, t'	te, t'			—	—	toi
	Third	Masculine	il	se, s'	le, l'	lui	y	en	lui
		Feminine	elle		la, l'				elle
		—	on		—	—	—	—	soi
Plural	First	—	nous	nous			—	—	nous
	Second	—	vous	vous			—	—	vous
	Third	Masculine	ils	se, s'	les	leur	y	en	eux
		Feminine	elles						elles

---

German

Etymology

Old High German io.

Pronunciation

• IPA: /jeː/

Adverb

je

1. ever
   • 1930, Paul Joachimsen, Der Humanismus und die Entwicklung des deutschen Geistes, in: Deutsche Vierteljahrsschrift für Literaturwissenschaft und Geistesgeschichte, 8, page 467:

     Und nun kommt die Reformation selbst. Die größte geistige Umwälzung, die je ein Volk des Abendlandes erlebt hat.

     And now comes the Reformation itself. The largest spiritual upheaval that was ever experienced by a nation of the Occident.

2. per
3. (with “desto” or “umso“) the ... the ...

   je mehr, desto besser — “the more the merrier”

   je mehr, umso besser – “the more the merrier“

Related terms

• je länger je lieber - “The longer it lasts, the more I like it.”
• je nachdem

---

Haitian Creole

Noun

je

1. eye

Synonyms

• zye

---

Lojban

Conjunction

je (selma'o ja)

1. and; joins two predicate words (selbri) in a complex predicate

Derived terms

• .ije
• jenai

Related terms

• .e
• ge
• gi'e
• gu'e

---

Middle French

Pronoun

je

1. Alternative form of ie.

Usage notes

• Some modern transcriptions of Middle French texts use the letter j in place of the i when it corresponds to a j in Modern French. For example, iecter is transcribed jecter

---

Old French

Alternative forms

• jo
• jeo
• jou
• ge

Etymology

Latin ego

Pronoun

je

1. I

---

Polish

Pronoun

je

1. Accusative of one

Verb

je

1. third-person singular present indicative of jeść

---

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology 1

Shortened from jȅst (“is”).

Pronunciation

• IPA: /je/

Verb

je (Cyrillic spelling је)

1. is (clitic third-person singular present of bȉti (“to be”))

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA: /je/

Pronoun

je (Cyrillic spelling је)

1. of her (clitic genitive singular of òna (“she”))
2. to her (clitic accusative singular of òna (“she”))

Declension

    Inflection of 3rd-person pronouns

	Singular			Plural
	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
nominative	ȏn	òna	òno	òni	òne	òna
genitive	njȅga, ga	njȇ, je	njȅga, ga	njȋh, ih	njȋh, ih	njȋh, ih
dative	njȅmu, mu	njȏj, joj	njȅmu, mu	njȉma, im	njȉma, im	njȉma, im
accusative	njȅga, ga, nj	njȗ, ju, je, nju	njȅga, ga, nj	njȋh, ih	njȋh, ih	njȋh, ih
vocative	-	-	-	-	-	-
locative	njȅm, njȅmu	njȏj	njȅm, njȅmu	njȉma	njȉma	njȉma
instrumental	njȋm, njíme	njȏm, njóme	njȋm, njíme	njȉma	njȉma	njȉma

---

Slovak

Verb

je

1. Third-person singular of of byť
2. Third-person singular of jesť

---

Slovene

Verb

je

1. third-person singular present tense form of biti.

---

Turkish

Noun

je

1. The name of the Latin script letter J/j.

See also

• (Latin script letter names) harf; a, be, ce, çe, de, e, fe, ge, yumuşak ge, he, ı, i, je, ke, le, me, ne, o, ö, pe, re, se, şe, te, u, ü, ve, ye, ze ^{(Category: tr:Latin letter names) [edit]}