स
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Translingual[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Letter[edit]
स (sa)
- The third sibilant of the Devanagari script. Linguistically it is considered an alveolar sibilant.
See also[edit]
Ligatures:
Dhivehi[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Letter[edit]
स • (sa)
- The seventeenth consonant in Dhivehi, written in Devanagari
Hindi[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Letter[edit]
स • (sa)
See also[edit]
- (Devanagari script letters) अ, आ, इ, ई, उ, ऊ, ऋ, ए, ऐ, ओ, औ, अं, अः, अँ, क, ख, ग, घ, ङ, च, छ, ज, झ, ञ, ट, ठ, ड, ढ, ण, त, थ, द, ध, न, प, फ, ब, भ, म, य, र, ल, व, श, ष, स, ह, त्र, ज्ञ, क्ष, क़, ख़, ग़, ज़, झ़, ड़, ढ़, फ़ (Category: Hindi letters) [edit]
Konkani[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
- सो (so)
Etymology[edit]
From Sanskrit षष् (ṣáṣ), from Proto-Indo-European *swéḱs (“six”). Cognate with Hindi छह (chah), Marathi सहा (sahā).
Numeral[edit]
स • (sa/so) (Latin script sov, Kannada script ಸ)
Marathi[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Letter[edit]
स • (sa)
Nepali[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Letter[edit]
स • (sa)
Pali[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
स (sa)
- Devanagari script form of sa
Adjective[edit]
स (sa)
- Devanagari script form of sa, which is masculine nominative singular of त (ta, “that”)
Noun[edit]
स (sa)
Sanskrit[edit]
Alternative scripts[edit]
- স (Assamese script)
- ᬲ (Balinese script)
- স (Bengali script)
- 𑰭 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀲 (Brahmi script)
- သ (Burmese script)
- સ (Gujarati script)
- ਸ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌸 (Grantha script)
- ꦱ (Javanese script)
- 𑂮 (Kaithi script)
- ಸ (Kannada script)
- ស (Khmer script)
- ສ (Lao script)
- സ (Malayalam script)
- ᠰᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘭 (Modi script)
- ᠰᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧍 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐳 (Newa script)
- ସ (Odia script)
- ꢱ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆱 (Sharada script)
- 𑖭 (Siddham script)
- ස (Sinhalese script)
- 𑪁 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚨 (Takri script)
- ஸ (Tamil script)
- స (Telugu script)
- ส (Thai script)
- ས (Tibetan script)
- 𑒮 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨰 (Zanabazar Square script)
Pronunciation[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Letter[edit]
स • (sa)
- the last of the three sibilants, /s/
Etymology 2[edit]
From Proto-Indo-Aryan *sá, *sáH, *tád, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *sá, *sáH, *tád, from Proto-Indo-European *só, *séh₂, *tód. Cognate with Ancient Greek ὁ (ho), ἡ (hē), τό (tó), Old Church Slavonic тъ (tŭ), та (ta), то (to), Old English se (whence English the). Compare also the suppletive-stem feminine and neuter forms सा (sā́), तद् (tád).
Pronoun[edit]
स • (sá) m
Usage notes[edit]
The final s of the nominative m sás is dropped before all consonants (except before /p/ in RV. v, 2, 4, and before /t/ in RV. viii, 33, 16) and appears only at the end of a sentence in the form of visarga. sa occasionally blends with another vowel (as in saī*ṣaḥ) and it is often for emphasis connected with another pronoun as with अहम् (aham), त्वम् (tvam), एष (eṣa), अयम् (ayam) etc.
- सो ऽहम्स त्वम् ― so ʼhamsa tvam ― I (or thou) that very person; cf. under तद् (tád)
The verb then following in the 1st and 2nd person even if aham or tvam be omitted
- स त्वा पृच्छामि ― sa tvā pṛcchāmi ― I that very person ask you
- स वै नो ब्रूहि ― sa vai no brūhi ― do thou tell us
Similarly, to denote emphasis, with भवान् (bhavān)
- स भावन् विजयाय प्रतिष्ठताम् ― sa bhāvan vijayāya pratiṣṭhatām ― let your Highness set out for victory
It sometimes (and frequently in the Brāhmaṇas) stands as the first word of a sentence preceding a relatve pronoun or adverb such as य (ya), यद् (yad), यदि (yadi), यथा (yathā), चेद् (ce*d); in this position sa may be used pleonastically or as a kind of indeclinable, even where another gender or number is required
- स यदि स्थावरा आपो भनन्ति ― sa yadi sthāvarā āpo bhananti ― if those waters are stagnant
In the Sāṃkhya sa, like एष (eṣa), क (ka), and य (ya), is used to denote पुरुष (puruṣa), "the Universal Soul".
The locative singular form सस्मिन् (sasmin) is primarily used in the Rigveda.
Declension[edit]
| Declension of स | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. sg. | सः, स (saḥ, sa) | ||
| Gen. sg. | तस्य (tasya) | ||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | सः, स (saḥ, sa) | तौ (tau) | ते (te) |
| Vocative | — | — | — |
| Accusative | तम् (tam) | तौ (tau) | तान् (tān) |
| Instrumental | तेन (tena) | ताभ्याम् (tābhyām) | तैः (taiḥ) |
| Dative | तस्मै (tasmai) | ताभ्याम् (tābhyām) | तेभ्यः (tebhyaḥ) |
| Ablative | तस्मात्, ततः (tasmāt, tataḥ) | ताभ्याम् , ततः (tābhyām , tataḥ) | तेभ्यः, ततः (tebhyaḥ, tataḥ) |
| Genitive | तस्य (tasya) | तयोः (tayoḥ) | तेषाम् (teṣām) |
| Locative | तस्मिन्, सस्मिन् (tasmin, sasmin) | तयोः (tayoḥ) | तेषु (teṣu) |
Descendants[edit]
Etymology 3[edit]
From Proto-Indo-European *sm̥- (“whole, all, together (with)”), from the root *sem-.
Prefix[edit]
स • (sa)
- an inseparable prefix expressing "junction", "conjunction", "possession" (as opposed to a privative), "similarity", "equality"
- when compounded with nouns to form adjectives and adverbs it may be translated by "with", "together or along with", "accompanied by", "added to", "having", "possessing", "containing", "having the same"
- सकोप (sa-kopa) — full of anger, enraged, displeased
- साग्नि (sā*gni) — together with the fire
- सभार्य (sa-bhārya) — with a wife, having a wife
- सद्रोण (sa-droṇa) — with a droṇa added to a droṇa
- सधर्मन् (sa-dharman) — having the same duties
- सवर्ण (sa-varṇa) — having the same colour or appearance, similar, like
- "-ly"
Derived terms[edit]
Etymology 4[edit]
Noun[edit]
स • (sá) stem, ?
Etymology 5[edit]
Noun[edit]
स • (sá) stem, ?
- (music) Abbreviation of षड्ज (ṣaḍ-ja).
Etymology 6[edit]
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun[edit]
स • (sá) stem, m
Declension[edit]
| Masculine a-stem declension of स (sá) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | सः sáḥ |
सौ / सा¹ saú / sā́¹ |
साः / सासः¹ sā́ḥ / sā́saḥ¹ |
| Vocative | स sá |
सौ / सा¹ saú / sā́¹ |
साः / सासः¹ sā́ḥ / sā́saḥ¹ |
| Accusative | सम् sám |
सौ / सा¹ saú / sā́¹ |
सान् sā́n |
| Instrumental | सेन séna |
साभ्याम् sā́bhyām |
सैः / सेभिः¹ saíḥ / sébhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | साय sā́ya |
साभ्याम् sā́bhyām |
सेभ्यः sébhyaḥ |
| Ablative | सात् sā́t |
साभ्याम् sā́bhyām |
सेभ्यः sébhyaḥ |
| Genitive | सस्य sásya |
सयोः sáyoḥ |
सानाम् sā́nām |
| Locative | से sé |
सयोः sáyoḥ |
सेषु séṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
Noun[edit]
स • (sa) stem, n
- knowledge
- meditation
- a carriage road
- a fence
Declension[edit]
| Neuter a-stem declension of स (sá) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | सम् sám |
से sé |
सानि / सा¹ sā́ni / sā́¹ |
| Vocative | स sá |
से sé |
सानि / सा¹ sā́ni / sā́¹ |
| Accusative | सम् sám |
से sé |
सानि / सा¹ sā́ni / sā́¹ |
| Instrumental | सेन séna |
साभ्याम् sā́bhyām |
सैः / सेभिः¹ saíḥ / sébhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | साय sā́ya |
साभ्याम् sā́bhyām |
सेभ्यः sébhyaḥ |
| Ablative | सात् sā́t |
साभ्याम् sā́bhyām |
सेभ्यः sébhyaḥ |
| Genitive | सस्य sásya |
सयोः sáyoḥ |
सानाम् sā́nām |
| Locative | से sé |
सयोः sáyoḥ |
सेषु séṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
Etymology 7[edit]
From the root √सन् (√san, “to procure, bestow, give, distribute”).
Adjective[edit]
स • (sá)
References[edit]
- Monier Williams (1899) “स”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1111.
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