-ई

See also: ई

Hindi

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /iː/

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Sauraseni Apabhramsa -इउ (-iu)

Hindi -ई (-ī)

All forms are ultimately from Sanskrit -इक (-ika):

• Direct singular inherited from Sauraseni Apabhramsa -इउ (-iu), from Sauraseni Prakrit -𑀇𑀕𑁄 (-igo), from Sanskrit -इकः (-ikaḥ)
• Oblique singular inherited from Sauraseni Apabhramsa -इहे (-ihĕ/-ihi, genitive singular), from Sauraseni Prakrit -𑀇𑀕𑀲𑁆𑀲 (-igassa) or -𑀇𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲 (-iassa), from Sanskrit -इकस्य (-ikasya)
• Vocative singular inherited from Sauraseni Apabhramsa -इअ (-ia), from Sauraseni Prakrit -𑀇𑀕 (-iga), from Sanskrit -इक (-ika)
• Direct plural inherited from Sauraseni Apabhramsa -इअ (-ia), from Sauraseni Prakrit -𑀇𑀕𑀸 (-igā), from Sanskrit -इकाः (-ikāḥ)

See -इयों (-iyõ) and -इयो (-iyo) for the etymologies of those endings specifically.

Suffix

-ई • (-ī) m (Urdu spelling ـی)

1. suffix for some masculine nouns

Declension

Declension of -ई (masc ind ī-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	-ई -ī	-ई -ī
oblique	-ई -ī	-इयों -iyõ
vocative	-ई -ī	-इयो -iyo

Etymology 2

Etymology tree

Sauraseni Apabhramsa -इअ (-ia)

Hindi -ई (-ī)

All forms are ultimately from Sanskrit -इका (-ikā). Specifically,

• Direct singular inherited from Sauraseni Apabhramsa -इअ (-ia), from Sauraseni Prakrit [Term?], from Sanskrit -इकाः (-ikāḥ, nominative singular)
• Oblique singular inherited from Sauraseni Apabhramsa -इहे (-ihĕ/-ihi), from Sauraseni Prakrit [Term?], from Sanskrit -इकायाः (-ikāyāḥ, genitive singular)
• Vocative singular inherited from Sauraseni Apabhramsa -इए (-iĕ), from Sauraseni Prakrit [Term?], from Sanskrit -इके (-ike, vocative singular)

See -इयाँ (-iyā̃), -इयों (-iyõ), and -इयो (-iyo) for the etymologies of those endings specifically.

Suffix

-ई • (-ī) f (Urdu spelling ـی)

1. suffix for many feminine nouns

Declension

Declension of -ई (fem ind ī-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	-ई -ī	-इयाँ -iyā̃
oblique	-ई -ī	-इयों -iyõ
vocative	-ई -ī	-इयो -iyo

Etymology 3

Etymology tree

Sauraseni Prakrit -𑀇𑀅 (-ia)

Classical Persian ـِی (-ī)influ.

Hindi -ई (-ī)

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit -𑀇𑀅 (-ia), from Sanskrit -इक (-ika) or Sanskrit -ईय (-īya). Later influenced by Classical Persian ـی (-ī), from Middle Persian -yk' / 𐭩𐭪𐭩 (yky /⁠-īg⁠/, adjectival suffix), a cognate of Sanskrit -इक (-ika) through Proto-Indo-Iranian *-kas. Also influenced by Arabic ـِيّ (-iyy, nisba suffix), which in Classical Persian becomes ـی (-ī).

Suffix

-ई • (-ī) (Urdu spelling ـی)

1. relating to, forms adjectives from nouns

   ‎पहाड़ (pahāṛ, “mountain”) + ‎-ई (-ī) → ‎पहाड़ी (pahāṛī, “mountainous”)

Etymology 4

Etymology tree

Sanskrit -इन् (-in)bor.

Hindi -ई (-ī)

Borrowed from the nominative singular form of Sanskrit -इन् (-in, “doer, possessor”).

Suffix

-ई • (-ī) m (Urdu spelling ـی)

1. doer, possessor

   ‎सुख (sukh, “happiness”) + ‎-ई (-ī) → ‎सुखी (sukhī, “happy, possessing happiness”)

   ‎यात्रा (yātrā, “travel”) + ‎-ई (-ī) → ‎यात्री (yātrī, “traveller”)

Etymology 5

Etymology tree

Classical Persian ـِی (-ī)bor.

Hindi -ई (-ī)

Borrowed from Classical Persian ـی (-ī), from Middle Persian 𐭩𐭧 (yḥ /⁠-īh⁠/) (forms nouns from adjectives). Doublet of -गी (-gī).

Suffix

-ई • (-ī) f (Urdu spelling ـی)

1. forms abstract nouns from adjectives or common nouns

   ‎दोस्त (dost, “friend”) + ‎-ई (-ī) → ‎दोस्ती (dostī, “friendship”)

   ‎बेवक़ूफ़ (bevaqūf, “foolish”) + ‎-ई (-ī) → ‎बेवक़ूफ़ी (bevaqūfī, “foolishness”)

Declension

Declension of -ई (fem ind ī-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	-ई -ī	-इयाँ -iyā̃
oblique	-ई -ī	-इयों -iyõ
vocative	-ई -ī	-इयो -iyo

Derived terms

Hindi terms suffixed with -ई

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Konkani

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [iː]

Suffix

-ई • (-ī) (Latin script -i, Kannada script -ಈ)

1. suffix found in feminine nouns

References

• Madhavi Sardesai (2006) A Comparative Linguistic and Cultural Study of Lexical Influences on Konkani‎^[1], Goa University (doctoral thesis)