till

See also Till

English

Wikipedia

Pronunciation

• enPR: tĭl, IPA: /tɪl/, X-SAMPA: /tIl/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɪl

Etymology 1

From Old English (Northumbrian) til, from Old Norse til.

Preposition

till

1. (now dialectal) to
   • 1485, Thomas Malory, Le Morte Darthur, Book XVIII:

     Than the knyghtes parters of the lystis toke up Sir Madore and led hym tylle hys tente.

2. until, up to, as late as (a given time)

   I have to work till eight o'clock tonight.

   She stayed till the very end.

Synonyms

• (until): til, 'til, until

Translations

Until

• Afrikaans: tot
• Arabic: حتى (ar) (Hattaa), إلى (ar) ('ilaa), ريثما (ar) (raythamaa)
• Basque: arte (eu)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 直到 (cmn) (zhídào), 為止 (cmn), 为止 (cmn) (wéizhǐ)

• Czech: do (cs)
• Danish: indtil (da)
• Dutch: tot (nl)
• Esperanto: ĝis (eo)
• Finnish: saakka (fi), asti (fi), ennen; vaille
• French: jusqu'à (fr)
• German: bis (de)
• Hebrew: עד (he) (ad)
• Hungarian: -ig (hu) (suffix)

• Irish: go dtí (ga)
• Italian: fino a
• Japanese: ...まで (ja) (...made)
• Korean: ...까지 (...kkaji)
• Malay: hingga (ms)
• Norwegian: til (no), inntil (no)
• Persian: تا (tā)
• Portuguese: até (pt)
• Russian: до (ru) (do), до тех пор пока (ru) (do tex por poká)
• Scottish Gaelic: gu (gd)
• Spanish: hasta (es), hasta que (es)
• Swedish: tills (sv)
• Telugu: దాకా (daakaa), వరకు (varaku)
• Welsh: tan (cy)

Conjunction

till

1. until, until the time that

   Maybe you can, maybe you can't: you won't know till you try.

   • 1582, Douay–Rheims Bible, Song of Songs 2:7:

     […] that you stir not up, nor make the beloved to awake, till she please.

   • 1846, Edward Lear, The Book of Nonsense:

     She twirled round and round, / Till she sunk underground, […]

   • 1912, anonymous, Punky Dunk and the Mouse, P.F. Volland & Co.:

     And the Mouse sat and laughed till he cried.

Synonyms

• (until): 'til, until

Translations

Until

• Afrikaans: tot (af)
• Arabic: حَتّى (ħattā)
• Dutch: totdat (nl)
• Esperanto: ĝis (eo)
• Estonian: kuni (et)
• Finnish: kunnes (fi), ennen kuin (fi)
• French: jusqu'à (fr)
• German: bis (de)
• Greek: μέχρι (mékhri), έως (éos), ίσαμε (ísame), ώσπου (óspu), ωσότου (osótu)
• Hebrew: עד ש־ (he) (ad she-)

• Hungarian: amíg, ameddig
• Irish: go dtí go (ga)
• Italian: fino a
• Japanese: ...まで (...made)
• Malay: hingga (ms)
• Persian: تا (tā)
• Russian: пока не (poká ne), до тех пор (do teχ por)
• Spanish: hasta que
• Swedish: till (sv); tills (sv)

Etymology 2

From Middle English tillen "to draw" from Old English -tyllan (as in betyllan "to lure, decoy," and fortyllan "draw away;" related to tollian). Or alternatively from Anglo-Norman tylle "compartment" from Old French tille "compartment, shelter on a ship" from Old Norse þilja "plank." Cognate with Albanian ndjell (“I lure, attract”).

Noun

till (plural tills)

1. A cash register
2. A removable box within a cash register containing the money

   Pull all the tills and lock them in the safe.

3. The contents of a cash register, for example at the beginning or end of the day or of a cashier's shift

   My count of my till was 30 dollars short.

4. (obsolete) A tray or drawer in a chest.

Translations

cash register

• French: caisse enregistreuse (fr) f
• Georgian: სალარო (ka) (salaro)
• German: Kasse (de) f
• Jèrriais: câsse f
• Russian: касса (ru) (kássa) f

• Scottish Gaelic: cobhan (gd) m
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: ка̀са (sh) f, блàгāјна (sh) f

  Roman: kàsa (sh) f, blàgājna (sh) f

• Spanish: caja (es) f

box within a cash register

• Czech: kasa (cs) f
• Russian: денежный (ru) (dénežnyj) m ящик (ru) (jáščik) m

• Scottish Gaelic: cobhan (gd) m

contents of a cash register

Etymology 3

Old English tilian

Verb

till (third-person singular simple present tills, present participle tilling, simple past and past participle tilled)

1. (transitive) to develop so as to improve or prepare for usage; to cultivate (said of knowledge, virtue, mind etc)
2. (transitive) to work or cultivate or plough (soil); to prepare for growing vegetation and crops
3. (intransitive) to cultivate soil

Quotations

• For usage examples of this term, see the citations page.

Translations

to work or cultivate

• Afrikaans: ploeg (af)
• Arabic: حرث (ar) (ħáraθa)
• Chinese: 耕 (gēng)
• Dutch: ploegen (nl),bewerken (nl),bebouwen (nl)
• Finnish: kyntää (fi)
• French: labourer (fr)
• German: pflügen (de)
• Hungarian: szánt (hu)
• Italian: arare (it)

• Japanese: 耕す (たがやす, tagayasu)
• Korean: 갈다 (galda)
• Latgalian: art
• Latvian: art (lv)
• Lithuanian: arti (lt)
• Portuguese: arar (pt)
• Russian: пахать (paχát’)
• Spanish: arar (es)
• Swedish: plöja (sv)

Etymology 4

Unknown, but possibly via etymology 3 (the verb) because alluvial deposit is used as a fertilizer.

Noun

Wikipedia till (plural tills)

1. glacial drift consisting of a mixture of clay, sand, pebbles and boulders
2. (dialect) manure or other material used to fertilize land

Translations

glacial drift

• Finnish: moreeni (fi)

manure used as fertilizer

• Finnish: lanta (fi)

References

• till in The Century Dictionary, The Century Co., New York, 1911
• till in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913

Statistics

• Most common English words before 1923: began · thy · less · #255: till · next · poor · present

Anagrams

• it'll
• lilt

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Estonian

Noun

till (genitive tilli, partitive tilli)

1. dill (herb)
2. (slang) penis

Declension

This Estonian noun needs an inflection-table template.

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Scottish Gaelic

Pronunciation

• IPA: /tʰʲiːʎ/

Verb

till (verbal noun tilleadh)

1. to return, come back
2. to relapse
   • Thill ris. He has got a relapse.

References

• A Pronouncing and Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language (John Grant, Edinburgh, 1925, Compiled by Malcolm MacLennan)

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Swedish

Etymology

From Old Norse til, from Proto-Germanic *tila- (“goal”), from Proto-Indo-European *ád (“near, at”).

Pronunciation

• IPA: /tɪl/

• audio

  (file)

Preposition

till

1. to
   • Välkommen till Sverige!
     • Welcome to Sweden!
   • Ge den till mig.
     • Give it to me.
   • Vi behöver två till fem nya datorer.
     • We need two to five new computers.

Usage notes

• In old times, till controlled genitive. Remains can still be found in certain expressions: tillbaka (“back”), till bords (“to the table”), till buds (“to aid, at hand”), till doms (“to judgement”), tillfreds (“at peace, content”), till godo (“for good, as credit”), till hands (“at hand”), tillhanda (“at hand, available”), till havs (“to sea”), till kojs (“to bed”), till kungs (“to the king”), till lags (“of service, to please”), till lands (“on land”), till livs (“to life, to eat”), till påska (“until Easter”), till reds (“to aid”), till sjöss (“to sea”), till skogs (“to the forest”), till sängs (“to bed”), till torgs (“to the market”), till vägs ände (“to the end of the road”), till väders (“in the air”)

Derived terms

• hur står det till?

Adverb

till

1. another; in addition
   • Jag ska vara här en vecka till.
     • I'll be here for another week.