hasta

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search

English[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Written form of a reduction of has to.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ˈhæstə/
  • Audio (US)(file)
  • Rhymes: -æstə

Verb[edit]

hasta

  1. (colloquial) third-person singular simple present indicative of hafta: Contraction of has to; is required to
    He hasta visit the doctor.

Etymology 2[edit]

From Spanish hasta (“until”), especially hasta luego (“until later”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Interjection[edit]

hasta

  1. (colloquial) goodbye
Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 3[edit]

Borrowed from Sanskrit हस्त (hasta).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

hasta (plural hastas)

  1. (Indian classical dance) A hand gesture used to depict the meaning of a song
    • 2009 January 21, Joe Fiorito, “Tamil dance fine gesture even for our crop of snow”, in Toronto Star‎[1]:
      A prudent prayer, and a vigorous dance, with many interwoven leaps and twirls and pirouettes, and hastas all around.

See also[edit]

Anagrams[edit]

Asturian[edit]

Preposition[edit]

hasta

  1. until

Bikol Central[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Spanish hasta.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ˈhasta/, [ˈhas.ta] (spelling-based)
  • IPA(key): /ˈʔasta/, [ˈʔas.ta] (Spanish-based)
  • Hyphenation: has‧ta

Preposition[edit]

hásta (Basahan spelling ᜑᜐ᜔ᜆ)

  1. until
    Synonyms: sagkod, hanggan

Breton[edit]

Verb[edit]

hasta

  1. to hurry

Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Spanish hasta.

Preposition[edit]

hasta

  1. until

Fala[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Spanish hasta, from Old Spanish fasta.

Pronunciation[edit]

Preposition[edit]

hasta

  1. up to (as much as)
    • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme VI, Chapter 1::
      Poin encontralsi, a o millol, hasta “oito” o mais.
      There can be found, at best, up to “eight” or more.
  2. until (up to the time of)
    • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme I, Chapter 1: Lengua Española:
      Esti términu Mañegu, o mais pequenu dos tres, formaba parti, con términus de Vilamel i Trevellu, da pruvincia de Salamanca hasta o anu 1833 […]
      This San Martinese locality, the smallest of the three, formed, along with the Vilamen and Trevejo localities, the Salamanca province until the year 1833 […]

References[edit]

  • Valeš, Miroslav (2021) Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)‎[2], 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN

Finnish[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Noun[edit]

hasta

  1. partitive singular of hapsi

Anagrams[edit]

Galician[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Attested since circa 1300. From Latin hasta, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰast- (“branch”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

hasta f (plural hastas)

  1. pole; flagpole
    • 1390, Jose Luis Pensado Tomé (ed.), Os Miragres de Santiago. Versión gallega del Códice latino del siglo XII atribuido al papa Calisto I. Madrid: C.S.I.C., page 117:
      Et rrei Calrros entẽdeo, et com̃o estaua armado de moi boa loriga et de moy boo elmo et cõ moy boa espada et cõplido de grraça de Deus, que era cõ el, entrou ontre as azes dos mouros dando moy grãdes feridas a destro et seestro, matãdo moytos deles ata que chegou onde estaua a carreta, et dou cõ a espada ẽna aste en que estaua o pendon et cortoo
      King Charlemagne understood, and since he was well armed with an excellent chain mail and a very good helm and a very good sword and full with the Grace of God, which was with him, he entered among the lines of the Moors giving large wounds left and right, killing many of them till he arrived where the wagon was, and he hit with the sword the pole where the pennon was and cut it down
    Synonyms: mastro, poste
  2. shaft
    • 1440, X. Ferro Couselo, editor, A vida e a fala dos devanceiros. Escolma de documentos en galego dos séculos XIII ao XVI, Vigo: Galaxia, page 264:
      Et o dito Lopo d'Amoeyro, non acatando a dita trégoa e en quebrantamento dela, diso que o dito dia donte que foran XVIII dias do dito mes do dito ano, en término da dita friguesía de Codeyro, e sen o dito Lopo Rodrigues faser mal nen dano ao dito Lopo d'Amoeyro, que aderesçara a él por lo matar, díselle çertas palabras desonestas e injuriosas, et que él e outros seus III omes, que lle poseran as lanças enos peytos, por lo matar, e que o dito Lopo d'Ameyro, que alçara a lança e que lle dera con a asta dela por lo rostro e por las narises e por los ollos, o qual y logo y mostrou, inchado as narises e os ollos, ante os ditos juises
      And the mentioned Lopo de Amoeiro, having not accepted this truce and thence breaking it, he [sic, it refers to another Lopo] said that yesterday, 18th of this month and year, in the circumscription of the parish of Codeiro, and without the mentioned Lopo Rodríguez having caused any harm to that Lopo de Amoeiro, that he came close to him to kill him, and he told him some dishonest and injurious words, and that he and his three men put their spears in his chest, for killing him; and that this Lopo de Amoeiro rose his spear and stroke with the shaft on his nose and eyes, what he then shew, his swollen nose and eyes, before said judges
    Synonyms: cabo, mango
  3. stem

References[edit]

  • “asta” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
  • “aste” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006-2016.
  • “hasta” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
  • “hasta” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
  • “hasta” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.

Indonesian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Malay hasta, from Sanskrit हस्त (hasta).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /has.ta/
  • Hyphenation: has‧ta

Noun[edit]

hasta

  1. forearm, hand
  2. cubit, the length of the forearm

Derived terms[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Coordinate terms[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Latin[edit]

hasta (spear)

Etymology[edit]

Disputed. Usually conjectured to be from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰasto- or *ǵʰasdʰo- (“branch ~ spear, sharp spine”) (see below for Indo-European cognates), but the phonetics are problematic. Likely of ultimately non-Indo-European substrate origin.[1][2][3]

Cognates include Irish gas (“stem (of a plant)”), Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌶𐌳𐍃 (gazds, “spine, aculeus”) and Old Norse gaddr (“spear, goad”) (loaned into English as gad); the Germanic forms would point to a PIE pre-form *ǵʰasdʰo-, but this cannot formally be connected to gas (“stem (of a plant)”), since Proto-Celtic *sd yields Irish *d, as in nead (“nest”) from *nisdós. A relationship with Sanskrit हस्त (hasta, “hand”) (see hir) is unlikely. A relationship with the Albanian words heshtë, ushtë and shtijë (all meaning “spear”) is uncertain.[4]

Also compared to Umbrian 𐌇𐌏𐌔𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌖 (hostatu, acc.pl.m.), 𐌇𐌏𐌔𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌉𐌓 (hostatir, dat.pl.m), of unknown meaning, but the root vowel /o/ does not match the Latin /a/.[2]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

hasta f (genitive hastae); first declension

  1. a spear, lance, pike, carried by soldiers and used for thrusting
    Petere aliquem hastā. ― To attack someone with a spear.
    • c. 45 CE – 96 CE, Statius, Thebaid 12.593–595:
      Victumne putāstī / Thēsea, dīre Creōn? Adsum, nec sanguine fessum / crēde; sitit meritōs etiamnum haec hasta cruōrēs.
      Did you think Theseus is defeated, cruel Creon? I am here, and do not believe I'm tired of blood, even my spear is still thirsty for righteous slaughter.

Declension[edit]

First-declension noun.

Case Singular Plural
Nominative hasta hastae
Genitive hastae hastārum
Dative hastae hastīs
Accusative hastam hastās
Ablative hastā hastīs
Vocative hasta hastae

Derived terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

  • Catalan: ast
  • Corsican: asta
  • Friulian: aste
  • Galician: hasta
  • Italian: asta
  • Lombard: asta
  • Old French: haste
  • Piedmontese: asta
  • Portuguese: hasta, haste
  • Spanish: asta

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2004) “Avestan siiazd-, Sanskrit sedh-, Latin cēdere”, in Hyllested, Adam, Anders Jørgensen, Jenny Larsson and Thomas Olander, editors, Per Aspera ad Asteriscos: Studia indogermanica in honorem Jens Elmegård Rasmussen sexagenarii Idibus Martiis anno MMIV, Innsbruck: Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft, pages 329/330 of 323–332
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “hasta”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 280
  3. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*gazda-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 172
  4. ^ “asta” in: Alberto Nocentini, Alessandro Parenti, “l'Etimologico — Vocabolario della lingua italiana”, Le Monnier, 2010, →ISBN

Further reading[edit]

  • “hasta”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “hasta”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • hasta in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
  • hasta in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎[3], London: Macmillan and Co.
    • to use javelins at a distance, swords at close quarters: eminus hastis, comminus gladiis uti
    • the free men are sold as slaves: libera corpora sub corona (hasta) veneunt (B. G. 3. 16. 4)
  • “hasta”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • “hasta”, in William Smith, editor (1854, 1857), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, volume 1 & 2, London: Walton and Maberly
  • “hasta”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
  • “hasta”, in Richard Stillwell et al., editor (1976), The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press
  • Lewis & Short, A Latin Dictionary

Malay[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Sanskrit हस्त (hasta).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /has.ta/
  • Hyphenation: has‧ta

Noun[edit]

hasta (Jawi spelling هستا, plural hasta-hasta, informal 1st possessive hastaku, 2nd possessive hastamu, 3rd possessive hastanya)

  1. cubit, unit of measurement from elbow to fingertip

References[edit]

  • Kosakata Bahasa Sanskerta dalam Bahasa Melayu Masa Kini, Jakarta, Indonesia: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa. Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, 1994, →ISBN, page 78
  • Pijnappel, Jan (1875) “هست hasta”, in Maleisch-Hollandsch woordenboek, John Enschede en Zonen, Frederik Muller, page 144
  • Wilkinson, Richard James (1901) “هست hasta”, in A Malay-English dictionary, Hong Kong: Kelly & Walsh limited, page 686
  • Wilkinson, Richard James (1932) “hasta”, in A Malay-English dictionary (romanised), volume I, Mytilene, Greece: Salavopoulos & Kinderlis, page 401

Further reading[edit]

Norwegian Nynorsk[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Low German hasten.

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

hasta (present tense hastar, past tense hasta, past participle hasta, passive infinitive hastast, present participle hastande, imperative hasta/hast)

  1. to hurry
    Han hastar av garde.
    He hurries away.
  2. to be urgent
    Denne jobben hastar.
    this job is urgent.

Further reading[edit]

Old Javanese[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Sanskrit हस्त (hasta).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

hasta

  1. hand, (lower) arm
  2. the eleventh lunar asterism
  3. a linear measure

Alternative forms[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

Further reading[edit]

  • "hasta" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.

Portuguese[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Latin hasta, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰast- (“branch”).

Pronunciation[edit]

 

  • Hyphenation: has‧ta

Noun[edit]

hasta f (plural hastas)

  1. spear
    Synonyms: lança, pique
  2. auction
    Synonym: leilão

Derived terms[edit]

Related terms[edit]

Spanish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Old Spanish fasta, and of ultimate uncertain origin. Commonly proposed etymologies are Arabic حَتَّى (ḥattā, “until”) and Latin ad ista (“to this”).

According to Coromines & Pascual (1980:323-324), fasta is first attested with certainty in the 13th century (dubiously earlier since 1074), with variants fata (att. 1098 as hata, Auto de Reyes Magos), adte (att. 1050, very rare), ata (att. ca. 1000, Glosas Emilianenses), adta (att. 945, in a Cardeña document). A(d)ta predominates in pre-literary (pre-13th century) texts, then in the 13th c. there is increasing vacillation between a predominant fata and the variant fasta until fasta becomes established in the 14th c. They propose st as dissimilation of the earlier dt in adta, attempting to render the Arabic geminate tt, and the initial f- (i.e. /ɸ ~ h/) found in various forms renders the initial Arabic /ħ/ of ḥattā. Cognate with Old Galician-Portuguese ata, ate (stressed as até?), atẽe, atẽes, atães; Portuguese até; Galician ata, até, atá, asta, astra; Mirandese ata; Asturian fasta, ata; Valencian dasta, hasda, handa.[1]

Viaro (2013) proposes a derivation of fasta from Latin faciem + Latin intrā, after these reduced to faz + t(r)a, cf. Spanish hacia, pointing out Old Spanish adtor became azor instead of *astor. Meanwhile, the mostly pre-13th century a(d)ta would be from Latin ad + intrā, cognate with Old Galician-Portuguese atra and ata.[2]

Pronunciation[edit]

Adverb[edit]

hasta

  1. even
    Synonyms: incluso, aun
    Hasta yo me enteré del asunto.
    Even I heard about the matter.

Preposition[edit]

hasta

  1. until
  2. up to, to the point of, as much as
  3. even

Derived terms[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Joan Coromines, José A. Pascual (1983–1991) “hasta”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos
  2. ^ Viaro, M. E. (2013) Sobre a origem das preposições ibero-românicas hasta, ata e até. Estudos de Lingüística Galega, v. 5.

Further reading[edit]

Swedish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Low German hasten.

Verb[edit]

hasta (present hastar, preterite hastade, supine hastat, imperative hasta)

  1. hurry, rush; to move (or act) quickly, and possibly cutting corners to finish quickly

Conjugation[edit]

Conjugation of hasta (weak)
Active Passive
Infinitive hasta —
Supine hastat —
Imperative hasta —
Imper. plural1 hasten —
Present Past Present Past
Indicative hastar hastade — —
Ind. plural1 hasta hastade — —
Subjunctive2 haste hastade — —
Participles
Present participle hastande
Past participle —
1 Archaic. 2 Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs.

Synonyms[edit]

Related terms[edit]

Anagrams[edit]

Turkish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Ottoman Turkish خسته (hasta), from Persian خسته (xaste).

Pronunciation[edit]

Adjective[edit]

hasta

  1. ill, sick
    Synonym: sayrı

Declension[edit]

predicative forms of hasta
present tense
positive,
declarative 		positive,
interrogative 		negative,
declarative 		negative,
interrogative
ben (I am) hastayım hasta mıyım? hasta değilim hasta değil miyim?
sen (you are) hastasın hasta mısın? hasta değilsin hasta değil misin?
o (he/she/it is) hasta / hastadır hasta mı? hasta değil hasta değil mi?
biz (we are) hastayız hasta mıyız? hasta değiliz hasta değil miyiz?
siz (you are) hastasınız hasta mısınız? hasta değilsiniz hasta değil misiniz?
onlar (they are) hasta(lar) hasta(lar) mı? hasta değil(ler) hasta değiller mi?
past tense
positive,
declarative 		positive,
interrogative 		negative,
declarative 		negative,
interrogative
ben (I was) hastaydım hasta mıydım? hasta değildim hasta değil miydim?
sen (you were) hastaydın hasta mıydın? hasta değildin hasta değil miydin?
o (he/she/it was) hastaydı hasta mıydı? hasta değildi hasta değil miydi?
biz (we were) hastaydık hasta mıydık? hasta değildik hasta değil miydik?
siz (you were) hastaydınız hasta mıydınız? hasta değildiniz hasta değil miydiniz?
onlar (they were) hastaydılar hasta mıydılar? hasta değildi(ler) / değillerdi hasta değil miydiler?
indirect past
positive,
declarative 		positive,
interrogative 		negative,
declarative 		negative,
interrogative
ben (I was) hastaymışım hasta mıymışım? hasta değilmişim hasta değil miymişim?
sen (you were) hastaymışsın hasta mıymışsın? hasta değilmişsin hasta değil miymişsin?
o (he/she/it was) hastaymış hasta mıymış? hasta değilmiş hasta değil miymiş?
biz (we were) hastaymışız hasta mıymışız? hasta değilmişiz hasta değil miymişiz?
siz (you were) hastaymışsınız hasta mıymışsınız? hasta değilmişsiniz hasta değil miymişsiniz?
onlar (they were) hastaymışlar hasta mıymışlar? hasta değilmiş(ler) / değillermiş hasta değil miymişler?
conditional
positive,
declarative 		positive,
interrogative 		negative,
declarative 		negative,
interrogative
ben (if I) hastaysam hasta mıysam? hasta değilsem hasta değil miysem?
sen (if you) hastaysan hasta mıysan? hasta değilsen hasta değil miysen?
o (if he/she/it) hastaysa hasta mıysa? hasta değilse hasta değil miyse?
biz (if we) hastaysak hasta mıysak? hasta değilsek hasta değil miysek?
siz (if you) hastaysanız hasta mıysanız? hasta değilseniz hasta değil miyseniz?
onlar (if they) hastaysalar hasta mıysalar? hasta değilseler / değillerse hasta değil miyseler?

Noun[edit]

hasta (definite accusative hastayı, plural hastalar)

  1. patient, sufferer
  2. (colloquial) madman

Declension[edit]

Inflection
Nominative hasta
Definite accusative hastayı
Singular Plural
Nominative hasta hastalar
Definite accusative hastayı hastaları
Dative hastaya hastalara
Locative hastada hastalarda
Ablative hastadan hastalardan
Genitive hastanın hastaların
Possessive forms
Nominative
Singular Plural
1st singular hastam hastalarım
2nd singular hastan hastaların
3rd singular hastası hastaları
1st plural hastamız hastalarımız
2nd plural hastanız hastalarınız
3rd plural hastaları hastaları
Definite accusative
Singular Plural
1st singular hastamı hastalarımı
2nd singular hastanı hastalarını
3rd singular hastasını hastalarını
1st plural hastamızı hastalarımızı
2nd plural hastanızı hastalarınızı
3rd plural hastalarını hastalarını
Dative
Singular Plural
1st singular hastama hastalarıma
2nd singular hastana hastalarına
3rd singular hastasına hastalarına
1st plural hastamıza hastalarımıza
2nd plural hastanıza hastalarınıza
3rd plural hastalarına hastalarına
Locative
Singular Plural
1st singular hastamda hastalarımda
2nd singular hastanda hastalarında
3rd singular hastasında hastalarında
1st plural hastamızda hastalarımızda
2nd plural hastanızda hastalarınızda
3rd plural hastalarında hastalarında
Ablative
Singular Plural
1st singular hastamdan hastalarımdan
2nd singular hastandan hastalarından
3rd singular hastasından hastalarından
1st plural hastamızdan hastalarımızdan
2nd plural hastanızdan hastalarınızdan
3rd plural hastalarından hastalarından
Genitive
Singular Plural
1st singular hastamın hastalarımın
2nd singular hastanın hastalarının
3rd singular hastasının hastalarının
1st plural hastamızın hastalarımızın
2nd plural hastanızın hastalarınızın
3rd plural hastalarının hastalarının
Predicative forms
Singular Plural
1st singular hastayım hastalarım
2nd singular hastasın hastalarsın
3rd singular hasta
hastadır 		hastalar
hastalardır
1st plural hastayız hastalarız
2nd plural hastasınız hastalarsınız
3rd plural hastalar hastalardır

Related terms[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=hasta&oldid=78908940"