ri

See also RI, R.I., ri-, rí, rì, rî, and -ri

Albanian

Pronunciation

• IPA: [ɾi]

Etymology

From Proto-Albanian *rija, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁r̥-uo-, zero-grade of *h₁or-uo- (compare Old English earu ‘quick’, Tocharian B ārwer ‘ready’, Avestan aurva- ‘quick, brave’).

Adjective

i ri m (feminine e re, m plural të rinj, f plural të reja)

1. young
2. new

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Dalmatian

Etymology

From Latin reus. Compare Italian rio, Romanian rău.

Adjective

ri

1. bad

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Danish

Pronunciation

• IPA: /riː/, [ʁiːˀ]

Verb

ri (imperative ri, present rir or rier, past riede, past participle riet)

1. baste, tack (to sew with wide stitches to temporarily fasten pieces of cloth)

Derived terms

• rining

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Esperanto

Pronoun

ri (accusative rin)

1. (obsolete, neologism) they (singular). A proposed gender-neutral singular third-person personal pronoun.

   Rigardu tiun homon. Ri estas alta.

   Look at that person. They are tall.

Holonyms

• li (“he”)
• ŝi (“she”)

Usage notes

An experimental and evidently defunct on-line form not actually used in speech, where it interferes with verbs beginning with ri- (ri petas 's/he asks', ripetas 'repeats'). Comparable to English epicene pronouns. (Also see riism.)

Existing alternatives include expanding the use of the demonstrative pronoun tiu (“that one”), or Zamenhof's suggestion, ĝi.

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French

Pronunciation

• IPA: /ʁi/, X-SAMPA: /Ri/

• Audio (Paris)

  (file)

Verb form

ri

1. past participle of rire

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Japanese

Romanization

ri

1. See り
2. See リ

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Lojban

Cmavo

ri

1. (pro-sumti) the most recent sumti

   pu catra le ninmu fa la karl .i ri ca pinfu

   Karl has killed the woman. He is now a prisoner.

Related terms

• ra
• ru

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Mandarin

Romanization

ri

1. Nonstandard spelling of rí.
2. Nonstandard spelling of rì.

Usage notes

English transcriptions of Chinese speech often fail to distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Chinese language, using words such as this one without the appropriate indication of tone.

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Norwegian

Etymology

Old Norse ríða

Verb

ri

1. to ride, as, on a horse

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Portuguese

Verb form

ri

1. third-person singular indicative present of rir
2. first-person singular indicative preterite of rir
3. second-person singular imperative of rir

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Scottish Gaelic

Pronunciation

• IPA: [ɾʲi]

Preposition

ri

1. with, to
2. against

   ris a' ghaoith - against the wind

3. up

   chaidh iad ris an leathad - they went up the hillside

Usage notes

• This form is used before nouns without the definite article; before the definite article the form ris is used:

  ri cat - with a cat

  ris a' chat - with the cat

• Used before a noun or a verbal noun to mean up to or involved in:

  Bha a' chlann sin ri mì-mhodh. - Those children were up to no good.

• In the Lewis dialect, ri is used instead of ag or a' before a verbal noun to form present participles:

  Tha mi ri seinn. - I am singing. (As opposed to Tha mi a' seinn, which has the same meaning.)

• Followed by a prepositional pronoun takes a passive voice meaning:

  Tha na h-eòin tarraingeach rin amharc. - The birds are attractive to watch. (literally "to their watching")

Derived terms

• cho math ri sin
• còmhla ri
• ris an t-sruth
• The following prepositional pronouns:

Combining pronoun	Prepositional pronoun	Prepositional pronoun (emphatic)
mi	rium	riumsa
tu	riut	riutsa
e	ris	ris-san
i	rithe	rithese
sinn	ruinn	ruinne
sibh	ruibh	ruibhse
iad	riutha	riuthasan