doucai
Old Irish[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From to- + Proto-Celtic *unketi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁unékti, *h₁unkénti (“to get used to, learn”, nasal infix present) from the root *h₁ewk-. Cognate with Sanskrit उच्यति (ucyati, “to be accustomed”), Gothic 𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌷𐍄𐍃 (biuhts, “accustomed”), Old Church Slavonic оучити (učiti, “to teach”) and вꙑкнѫти (vyknǫti, “to acclimate; to learn”), and Lithuanian jùnkti (“get used to”).[1]
Formerly held to be a specialized sense of do·uic (“has brought”), the perfect of do·beir, and so listed in the Dictionary of the Irish Language; but in fact the two are etymologically unrelated. Nevertheless, the forms of the two may sometimes become conflated, and in some contexts it may be unclear which of the two verbs is intended.
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
do·ucai (prototonic ·tuccai)
- to understand
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 91c1
- No scrútain-se, in tan no mbíinn isnaib fochaidib, dús in retarscar cairde ṅDǽ ⁊ a remcaissiu, ⁊ ní tucus-sa insin, in ru·etarscar fa naic.
- I used to consider, when I was in the tribulations, [to see] whether the covenant of God and his providence had departed, and I didn't understand [that,] whether it had departed or not.
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 91c1
Conjugation[edit]
| 1st sg. | 2nd sg. | 3rd sg. | 1st pl. | 2nd pl. | 3rd pl. | Passive sg. | Passive pl. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present indicative | Deut. | do·ucci, do·hucci, du·ucai | do·ucet | do·ucthar, do·hucthar, du·ucthar, tu·ucthar | |||||
| Prot. | ·tucu | ·tucci, ·tuicci, ·tucai, ·tuccai | ·tucat, ·tuccat | ·tucthar | ·tuctar, ·tucatar | ||||
| Imperfect indicative | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | ·tuctais | ||||||||
| Preterite | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | ·tucus | ·tucsid | ·tucsat, ·tuicset | ||||||
| Perfect | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Future | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | ·tucfa | do·ucbaid | ·tuccfither | ||||||
| Conditional | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Present subjunctive | Deut. | do·uccam | do·ucthar, do·hucthar, du·ucthar, tu·ucthar | ||||||
| Prot. | ·tuc | ·tucce, ·tuicce, ·tucca | ·tucid, ·tuccid, ·ducaid | ||||||
| Past subjunctive | Deut. | ·ducthe | |||||||
| Prot. | ·tuccin | ·tucmis | |||||||
| Imperative | |||||||||
| Verbal noun | |||||||||
| Past participle | |||||||||
| Verbal of necessity | |||||||||
Descendants[edit]
Mutation[edit]
| Old Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
| do·ucai | unchanged | do·n-ucai |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
References[edit]
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*u-n-k-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 400
Further reading[edit]
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “do·beir”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Pedersen, Holger (1913) Vergleichende Grammatik der keltischen Sprachen (in German), volume II, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, →ISBN, pages 271–272
- Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Irish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁ewk-
- Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Old Irish terms prefixed with to-
- Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Irish lemmas
- Old Irish verbs
- Old Irish terms with quotations
- Old Irish complex verbs
- Old Irish class A II present verbs
- Old Irish s preterite verbs
- Old Irish f future verbs
- Old Irish a subjunctive verbs