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Egyptian [ edit ]
Pronunciation [ edit ]
3ae inf.
( intransitive ) to swim [since the Pyramid Texts]
( intransitive , of the sun) to ‘swim ’ in the sky
Inflection [ edit ]
Conjugation of nbj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: nb , geminated stem: nbb
infinitival forms
imperative
infinitive
negatival complement
complementary infinitive1
singular
plural
nbt , nbj
nbw , nb
nbt , nbwt , nbyt
nb
nb , nby
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood
active
contingent
aspect / mood
active
perfect
nb.n
consecutive
nb.jn
terminative
nbt , nbyt
perfective 3
nb
obligative1
nb.ḫr
imperfective
nb , nby
prospective 3
nbw , nb , nby
potentialis1
nb.kꜣ
subjunctive
nb , nby
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
participles
active
active
passive
perfect
nb.n
—
—
perfective
nbw 1 , nby , nb
nb
nby , nb
imperfective
nbb , nbby , nbbw 5
nbb , nbbj 6 , nbby 6
nbb , nbbw 5
prospective
nbw 1 , nby , nb , nbtj 7
nbwtj 1 4 , nbtj 4 , nbt 4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f /.fj , feminine .s /.sj , dual .sn /.snj , plural .sn .
Only in the masculine singular.
Only in the masculine.
Only in the feminine.
Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.
Alternative forms [ edit ]
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of nbj
nbj
nbj
nbj
nbj
nbj
nbw
nbj
[Old Kingdom]
[Old Kingdom]
[Old Kingdom]
[Middle Kingdom]
[Middle Kingdom]
[New Kingdom]
[Greco-Roman Period]
Descendants [ edit ]
Bohairic Coptic: ⲛⲏⲃⲓ ( nēbi ) , ⲛⲓⲡⲓ ( nipi )
Fayyumic Coptic: ⲛⲓⲃⲓ ( nibi )
Sahidic Coptic: ⲛⲏⲏⲃⲉ ( nēēbe ) , ⲛⲓⲃⲉ ( nibe )
References [ edit ]
Erman, Adolf , Grapow, Hermann (1928 ) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache [1] , volume 2, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN , pages 236.10–236.11
Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962 ) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian , Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN , page 129