nhe'eng

Old Tupi

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɲɛˈʔɛ̃ŋ]
• Rhymes: -ɛ̃ŋ
• Hyphenation: nhe‧'eng

Etymology 1

From Proto-Tupi-Guarani *jeʔeŋ, from Proto-Tupian *weʔeŋ.

Cognate with Paraguayan Guaraní ñe'ẽ.

Verb

nhe'eng (first-person singular active indicative anhe'eng, first-person singular negative active indicative n'anhe'engi, first-person singular gerund gûinhe'enga, noun nhe'enga) (intransitive)

1. to speak; to talk [with supé ‘to someone’]

   Peró supé oronhe'eng.

   We talked to the Portuguese.

2. to answer; to reply [with supé ‘to someone’]
3. to have an issue, matter [with supé ‘with someone’]

   Synonym: poepyk

4. to salute; to greet [with supé ‘to someone’]
5. to intercede (to plead on someone else's behalf) [with esé ‘for someone’]
6. to buzz
7. (of animals) to cry

Conjugation

    Conjugation of nhe'eng (intransitive, consonant ending) (See Appendix:Old Tupi verbs)

Note: not all forms are attested, most of the table is reconstructed based on known patterns.

Causative	monhe'eng
Causative-comitative	eronhe'eng
Deverbals
-ba'e	onhe'engyba'e
-sab(a)	nhe'engaba
-sar(a)	nhe'engara
	Singular		Singular & Plural	Plural
	1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person exclusive	1st person inclusive	2nd person
Verbal forms
Active
Indicative	anhe'eng	erenhe'eng	onhe'eng	oronhe'eng	îanhe'eng	penhe'eng
Permissive	t'anhe'eng	t'erenhe'eng	t'onhe'eng	t'oronhe'eng	t'îanhe'eng	ta penhe'eng
Imperative		enhe'eng				penhe'eng
Negative indicative	n'anhe'engi	n'erenhe'engi	n'onhe'engi	n'oronhe'engi	n'îanhe'engi	na penhe'engi
Negative permissive	t'anhe'eng umẽ	t'erenhe'eng umẽ	t'onhe'eng umẽ	t'oronhe'eng umẽ	t'îanhe'eng umẽ	ta penhe'eng umẽ
Negative imperative		enhe'eng umẽ				penhe'eng umẽ
Gerund
Affirmative	gûinhe'enga	enhe'enga	onhe'enga	oronhe'enga	îanhe'enga	penhe'enga
Negative	gûinhe'enge'yma	enhe'enge'yma	onhe'enge'yma	oronhe'enge'yma	îanhe'enge'yma	penhe'enge'yma
Nominal forms
Infinitive
Affirmative	nhe'enga
Negative	nhe'enge'yma
Circumstantial
Affirmative	xe nhe'engi		i nhe'engi	oré nhe'engi	îandé nhe'engi
Negative	xe nhe'enge'ymi		i nhe'enge'ymi	oré nhe'enge'ymi	îandé nhe'enge'ymi

Derived terms

• nhe'enga
• nhe'engatã
• nhe'ẽnhe'enga

 

Descendants

• Nheengatu: nheẽ
• →? Portuguese: nhenhenhém, nhe-nhe-nhem

Etymology 2

Back-formation from nhe'enga (“speech”).

Adjective

nhe'eng (noun form nhe'enga)

1. speaking (having the ability of speech)

Declension

    Declension of nhe'eng (consonant ending) (See Appendix:Old Tupi adjectives)

Note: not all forms are attested, most of the table is reconstructed based on known patterns.

Causative	monhe'eng
Deadjectivals
-ba'e	i nhe'engyba'e
-sab(a)	nhe'engaba
	Singular		Singular & Plural	Plural
	1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person exclusive	1st person inclusive	2nd person
Adjectival forms
Active
Indicative	xe nhe'eng	nde nhe'eng	i nhe'eng	oré nhe'eng	îandé nhe'eng	pe nhe'eng
Imperative
Permissive	ta xe nhe'eng	ta nde nhe'eng	t'i nhe'eng	t'oré nhe'eng	t'îandé nhe'eng	ta pe nhe'eng
Negative indicative	na xe nhe'engi	na nde nhe'engi	n'i nhe'engi	n'oré nhe'engi	n'îandé nhe'engi	na pe nhe'engi
Negative imperative		nde nhe'eng umẽ				pe nhe'eng umẽ
Negative permissive	ta xe nhe'eng umẽ	ta nde nhe'eng umẽ	t'i nhe'eng umẽ	t'oré nhe'eng umẽ	t'îandé nhe'eng umẽ	ta pe nhe'eng umẽ
Gerund
Affirmative	xe nhe'engamo	nde nhe'engamo	o nhe'engamo	oré nhe'engamo	îandé nhe'engamo	pe nhe'engamo
Negative	xe nhe'enge'ymamo	nde nhe'enge'ymamo	o nhe'enge'ymamo	oré nhe'enge'ymamo	îandé nhe'enge'ymamo	pe nhe'enge'ymamo
Nominal forms
Infinitive
Affirmative	nhe'enga
Negative	nhe'enge'yma
Circumstantial
Affirmative	same as gerund1
	xe nhe'engi2		i nhe'engi2	oré nhe'engi2	îandé nhe'engi2
Negative	same as gerund1
	xe nhe'enge'ymi2		i nhe'enge'ymi2	oré nhe'enge'ymi2	îandé nhe'enge'ymi2
1South Tupi 2North Tupi

Further reading

• Eduardo de Almeida Navarro (2005) Método Moderno de Tupi Antigo: a língua do Brasil dos primeiros séculos [Modern method of Old Tupi: the language of Brazil's early centuries]‎^[1] (in Portuguese), 3 edition, São Paulo: Global Editora, →ISBN
• Eduardo de Almeida Navarro (2013) “nhe'eng”, in Dicionário de tupi antigo: a língua indígena clássica do Brasil [Dictionary of Old Tupi: The Classical Indigenous Language of Brazil] (overall work in Portuguese), São Paulo: Global, →ISBN, page 337, column 1
• Eduardo de Almeida Navarro (2013) “nhe'enga”, in Dicionário de tupi antigo: a língua indígena clássica do Brasil [Dictionary of Old Tupi: The Classical Indigenous Language of Brazil] (overall work in Portuguese), São Paulo: Global, →ISBN, page 337