pentasomic

English

Adjective

pentasomic (not comparable)

1. (genetics) Having five copies of a particular chromosome.
   • 2015 July 4, João Luís Reis-Cunha et al., “Chromosomal copy number variation reveals differential levels of genomic plasticity in distinct Trypanosoma cruzi strains”, in BMC Genomics‎^[1], volume 16, →DOI:

     The Esmeraldo strain has chromosome 3 as pentasomic; chromosomes 27, 31, 33 and 35 range from trisomic to tetrasomic; chromosomes 6, 19, 21 and 39 as trisomic; and chromosomes 1, 24, 25 and 41 range from disomic to trisomic.

2. (genetics) Having five sex chromosomes
   • 2024 October 4, Linden, Mary G, Bender, Bruce G, Robinson, Arthur, “Sex chromosome tetrasomy and pentasomy”, in Pediatrics‎^[2], volume 96, number 4, →DOI, pages 672-682:

     Sex chromosome abnormalities occur in at least 1 in 400 births and include the well-described 47,XXX, 47,XXY, 47,XYY, and 45,X karyotypes. The addition of more than one extra X or Y chromosome occurs rarely, and little information is available in the medical literature. Individual case reports make up most of this body of knowledge, and all are based on subjects who identified themselves postnatally. Many were ascertained through screenings of institutions and hospitals; thus, there is no unbiased information on the natural history of poly X and Y karyotypes. A direct relationship between the number of additional sex chromosomes and the severity of the phenotype is generally assumed. The purpose of this article is to summarize what is known about these conditions and to present 10 additional cases. The karyotypes include, 48,XXXX, 49,XXXXX, 48,XXYY, 48,XXXY, 49,XXXXY, 49,XXXYY, 48,XYYY, 49,XYYYY, and 49,XXYYY.