yessum

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English

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Etymology

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Contraction of yes, ma’am.[1]

Pronunciation

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Contraction

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yessum (informal)

  1. (US, dialectal, dated) Used to express agreement with a woman (and, somewhat less commonly, a man): yes, ma'am.
    Antonym: no'm
    Coordinate terms: yessir, yessuh, yessiree, yessirree; nosuh, nossuh
    • 1905 September, Harry Persons Taber, “The Crutch”, in William Elliott Lowes, editor, Book of the Royal Blue, volume VIII, number 12, Baltimore, Md.: Passenger Department, Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, →OCLC, page 24, column 1:
      "I would like to sit down in your shade beside you," said the Tall Man. "Yassum," said the Little Bit of a Girl. [] "Why do you have the crutch?" asked the Tall Man presently. "Yassum, the crutch, the doctor he gave it to me, yassum," said the Little Bit of a Girl.
    • 1929, William Faulkner, “April 7, 1928”, in The Sound and the Fury”, in The Sound and the Fury & As I Lay Dying, New York, N.Y.: The Modern Library, published 1946, →OCLC, page 74:
      "Yessum." Luster said. "We coming. You done played hell. Get up." He jerked my arm and I got up.
    • 1960 July 11, Harper Lee, To Kill a Mockingbird, Philadelphia, Pa., New York, N.Y.: J[oshua] B[allinger] Lippincott Company, →OCLC, part 1, page 32:
      Little Chuck's face contracted and he said gently, "You mean him [a louse], ma'am? Yessum, he's alive. Did he scare you some way?" / Miss Caroline said desperately, "I was just walking by when it crawled out of his hair … just crawled out of his hair—"
  2. (Australia) Alternative form of yes.

Usage notes

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Sense 1 was formerly often used to represent African-American speech, and is now sometimes used to refer to stereotypes of African-American submissiveness.[1]

Alternative forms

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Translations

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References

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  1. 1.0 1.1 yessum, adv.”, in OED Online Paid subscription required, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, July 2023; yessum, excl.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.