امتحان

Arabic

Root
م ح ن (m ḥ n)
3 terms

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /im.ti.ħaːn/

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

اِمْتِحَان • (imtiḥān) m (plural اِمْتِحَانَات (imtiḥānāt))

1. verbal noun of اِمْتَحَنَ (imtaḥana) (form VIII)
2. examination

   أُجْرِيَتْ امْتِحَانًاً صَعْبًاً الْيَوْمَ وَآمُلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ النَّتِيجَةُ جَيِّدَةً.

   I took a difficult exam today, and I hope the result will be good.

3. test

Declension

Declension of noun اِمْتِحَان (imtiḥān)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	اِمْتِحَان imtiḥān	الِامْتِحَان al-imtiḥān	اِمْتِحَان imtiḥān
Nominative	اِمْتِحَانٌ imtiḥānun	الِامْتِحَانُ al-imtiḥānu	اِمْتِحَانُ imtiḥānu
Accusative	اِمْتِحَانًا imtiḥānan	الِامْتِحَانَ al-imtiḥāna	اِمْتِحَانَ imtiḥāna
Genitive	اِمْتِحَانٍ imtiḥānin	الِامْتِحَانِ al-imtiḥāni	اِمْتِحَانِ imtiḥāni
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	اِمْتِحَانَيْن imtiḥānayn	الِامْتِحَانَيْن al-imtiḥānayn	اِمْتِحَانَيْ imtiḥānay
Nominative	اِمْتِحَانَانِ imtiḥānāni	الِامْتِحَانَانِ al-imtiḥānāni	اِمْتِحَانَا imtiḥānā
Accusative	اِمْتِحَانَيْنِ imtiḥānayni	الِامْتِحَانَيْنِ al-imtiḥānayni	اِمْتِحَانَيْ imtiḥānay
Genitive	اِمْتِحَانَيْنِ imtiḥānayni	الِامْتِحَانَيْنِ al-imtiḥānayni	اِمْتِحَانَيْ imtiḥānay
Plural	sound feminine plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	اِمْتِحَانَات imtiḥānāt	الِامْتِحَانَات al-imtiḥānāt	اِمْتِحَانَات imtiḥānāt
Nominative	اِمْتِحَانَاتٌ imtiḥānātun	الِامْتِحَانَاتُ al-imtiḥānātu	اِمْتِحَانَاتُ imtiḥānātu
Accusative	اِمْتِحَانَاتٍ imtiḥānātin	الِامْتِحَانَاتِ al-imtiḥānāti	اِمْتِحَانَاتِ imtiḥānāti
Genitive	اِمْتِحَانَاتٍ imtiḥānātin	الِامْتِحَانَاتِ al-imtiḥānāti	اِمْتِحَانَاتِ imtiḥānāti

Descendants

• → Indonesian: imtihan
• → Northern Kurdish: îmtîhan
• → Persian: اِمْتِحان (emtehân)
  • → Azerbaijani: imtahan
  • → Bashkir: имтихан (imtixan)
  • → Bengali: ইমতেহান (imtehan)
  • → Hindustani:

    Hindi: इम्तिहान (imtihān)

    Urdu: اِمْتِحان (imtihān)

    → Phalura: imtihaán

    Sindhi: امتحان/इंटेहन (emtahaañ)

  • → Kazakh: емтихан (emtixan)
  • → Uzbek: imtihon
• → Swahili: mtihani
• → Ottoman Turkish: امتحان (imtihân)
  • → Turkish: imtihan
• → Somali: imtixaan
• → Uyghur: ئ‍ىمتىھان (‍imtihan)

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic اِمْتِحَان (imtiḥān).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ʔim.ti.ˈhɑːn]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔɪm.t̪ʰe̞.ɦɑ́ːn]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔɪm.t̪ʰe̞.ɦɑ́ːn]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʔɪm.t̪ʰi.jɑ́ːn]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʔim.t̪ʰi.jɔ́ːn]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔem.t̪ʰe.ɦɒ́ːn]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔim.t̪ʰi.ɦɔ́n]

Readings
Classical reading?	imtihān
Dari reading?	imtehān
Iranian reading?	emtehân
Tajik reading?	imtihon

• Audio (Iran):

  (file)

Noun

Dari	امتحان
Iranian Persian
Tajik	имтиҳон

اِمْتِحان • (emtehân) (plural امتحانات (emtehânât))

1. examination

   امتحان رانندگی ― emtehân-e rânandegi ― driving test

2. trial, test

Derived terms

• امتحان کردن (emtehân kardan, “to test, to trial”)
• امتحان دادن (emtehân dâdan, “to take a test, to take an exam”)
• امتحان گرفتن (emtehân gereftan, “to give out a test”)

Descendants

• → Azerbaijani: imtahan
• → Bashkir: имтихан (imtixan)
• → Bengali: ইমতেহান (imtehan)
• → Hindustani:

  Hindi: इम्तिहान (imtihān)

  Urdu: اِمْتِحان (imtihān)

  → Phalura: imtihaán

  Sindhi: امتحان/इंटेहन (emtahaañ)

• → Kazakh: емтихан (emtixan)
• → Uzbek: imtihon

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian اِمْتِحان, from Arabic اِمْتِحَان (imtiḥān). First attested in c. 1611 as Middle Hindi امتحان (amtḥan).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /ɪm.t̪ɪ.ɦɑːn/, [ɪm.t̪e.ɦɑːn]

• Audio (Pakistan):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɑːn
• Hyphenation: اِم‧تِ‧حان

Noun

اِمْتِحان • (imtihān) m (formal plural اِمْتِحَانَات (imtihānāt), Hindi spelling इम्तिहान)

1. exam, test

   Synonym: پَرْچَہ (parca)

2. trial (difficult period)

Declension

Declension of امتحان
	singular	plural
direct	اِمْتِحان (imtihān)	اِمْتِحان (imtihān)
oblique	اِمْتِحان (imtihān)	اِمْتِحانوں (imtihānō̃)
vocative	اِمْتِحان (imtihān)	اِمْتِحانو (imtihānō)

Further reading

More information

• “امتحان”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
• Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “امتحان”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
• Platts, John T. (1884) “امتحان”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
• S. W. Fallon (1879) “امتحان”, in A New Hindustani-English Dictionary, Banaras, London: Trubner and Co.
• John Shakespear (1834) “امتحان”, in A dictionary, Hindustani and English: with a copious index, fitting the work to serve, also, as a dictionary of English and Hindustani, 3^rd edition, London: J.L. Cox and Son, →OCLC

Ushojo

Etymology

From Urdu امتحان (imtihān).

Noun

امتحان (imtihān)

1. exam, test
2. trial