چشمه

See also: چشمہ

Ottoman Turkish

چشمه

Etymology

Borrowed from Persian چشمه (češme, čašme, “spring, source”).

Noun

چشمه • (çeşma, çeşme)

1. fountain, an ornamental water feature usually situated in a garden or public place
2. spring, source, fount, a spray or body of water springing from the ground

   Synonyms: بوڭار (buñar), عین (ʿayn), قایناق (kaynak), منبع (membaʿ)

Derived terms

• قرق چشمه (kırk çeşme, “name of a quarter in Instanbul”)
• قورو چشمه (kuru çeşme, “name of a village on the Bosphorus”)
• چشمه زار (çeşme zar, “district abounding with springs”)
• چشمه سار (çeşme sar, “district abounding with springs”)
• چشمه لوله‌سی (çeşme lülesi, “spout of a fountain”)
• چوقور چشمه (çukur çeşme, “name of a quarter in Instanbul”)

 

Descendants

• Turkish: çeşme
• → Bulgarian: чешма (češma)
• → Libyan Arabic: شيشمة (šīšma)
• → Macedonian: чешма (češma)
• → Romanian: cișmea

Çeşme district

Proper noun

چشمه • (Çeşme)

1. Çeşme (a town and district in Izmir province, Turkey)

Descendants

• Turkish: Çeşme

Further reading

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “çeşme”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 941
• Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “چشمه”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎^[1], Vienna: F. Beck, page 183b
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “چشمه”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[2], Constantinople: Mihran, page 470
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Fons”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[3], Vienna, column 599
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “چشمه”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[4], Vienna, column 1618
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “çeşme”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2010–) “Çeşme”, in Nişanyan Yeradları: Türkiye ve Çevre Ülkeler Yerleşim Birimleri Envanteri [Index Anatolicus: An inventory of place names of Turkey and surrounding countries] (in Turkish)
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “چشمه”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[5], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 722
• Sezen, Tahir (2017) “Şaphane”, in Osmanlı Yer Adları [Ottoman Place Names]‎^[6], 2nd edition, Ankara: T.C. Başbakanlık Devlet Arşivleri Genel Müdürlüğü, page 183

Persian

Etymology

From Middle Persian [script needed] (čšmk' /⁠čašmag⁠/, “spring, source”), from [script needed] (čšm /⁠čašm⁠/, “eye”) + [script needed] (-k' /⁠-ag⁠/), equivalent to modern چشم (čašm, “eye”) +‎ ـه (-e).

A relation between eye and spring seems to be common in the area. Compare Baluchi چمگ (cammag, “spring, source”) from چم (camm, “eye”), Gilaki چمار (čumâr, “spring”) from چم (čum, “eye”), Arabic عَيْن (ʕayn, “spring, eye”), and Old Armenian ակն (akn, “eye, spring”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃaʃ.ˈma]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰäʃ.mǽ]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰäʃ.mǽ]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰäʃ.mǽ]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰäʃ.mǽ]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰeʃ.mé], [ t͡ʃʰæʃ.mé]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰäʃ.mǽ]

Readings
Classical reading?	čašma
Dari reading?	čašma
Iranian reading?	češma, čašme
Tajik reading?	čašma

• Audio (Iran)

  (file)

Noun

Dari	چَشمَه
Iranian Persian	چِشمِه
Tajik	чашма

چِشمِه • (češme) (plural چِشمِه‌ها (češme-hâ))

1. spring (water source)
2. source

Derived terms

• سرچشمه (sarčešme)

Descendants

• → Azerbaijani: çeşmə
• → Bashkir: шишмә (şişmə)
• → Bengali: চশমা (cośma)
• → Ottoman Turkish: چشمه (çeşme)
  • Turkish: çeşme
  • → Bulgarian: чешма (češma)
  • → Libyan Arabic: شيشمة (šīšma)
  • → Macedonian: чешма (češma)
  • → Romanian: cișmea
• → Punjabi:

  Gurmukhi script: ਚਸ਼ਮਾ (caśmā)

  Shahmukhi script: چشمه (caśmā)

• → Tajik: чашма (čašma)
• → Tatar: чишмә (çişmä)