वृणोति
Sanskrit
[edit]Alternative scripts
[edit]- ৱৃণোতি (Assamese script)
- ᬯᬺᬡᭀᬢᬶ (Balinese script)
- বৃণোতি (Bengali script)
- 𑰪𑰴𑰜𑰺𑰝𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀯𑀾𑀡𑁄𑀢𑀺 (Brahmi script)
- ဝၖဏောတိ (Burmese script)
- વૃણોતિ (Gujarati script)
- ਵ੍ਰਣੋਤਿ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌵𑍃𑌣𑍋𑌤𑌿 (Grantha script)
- ꦮꦽꦟꦺꦴꦠꦶ (Javanese script)
- 𑂫𑃂𑂝𑂷𑂞𑂱 (Kaithi script)
- ವೃಣೋತಿ (Kannada script)
- វ្ឫណោតិ (Khmer script)
- ວ຺ຣິໂຓຕິ (Lao script)
- വൃണോതി (Malayalam script)
- ᠸᡵᡳᢏᠣᢠᡳ (Manchu script)
- 𑘪𑘵𑘜𑘻𑘝𑘱 (Modi script)
- ᠸᠷᠢᢏᠣᠸᠠᢐᠢ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧊𑧖𑦼𑧜𑦽𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐰𑐺𑐞𑑀𑐟𑐶 (Newa script)
- ଵୃଣୋତି (Odia script)
- ꢮꢺꢠꣂꢡꢶ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆮𑆸𑆟𑆾𑆠𑆴 (Sharada script)
- 𑖪𑖴𑖜𑖺𑖝𑖰 (Siddham script)
- වෘණොති (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩾𑩙𑩪𑩕𑩫𑩑 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚦𑚘𑚴𑚙𑚮 (Takri script)
- வ்ரிணோதி (Tamil script)
- వృణోతి (Telugu script)
- วฺฤโณติ (Thai script)
- ཝྲྀ་ཎོ་ཏི (Tibetan script)
- 𑒫𑒵𑒝𑒼𑒞𑒱 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨭𑨼𑨉𑨘𑨆𑨙𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Indo-Aryan *wr̥náwti, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wr̥náwti, from Proto-Indo-European *welh₁- (“to wish, desire, want”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἔλδομαι (éldomai), Old English willan (whence English will).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]वृणोति • (vṛṇóti) third-singular indicative (class 5, type P, root वृ)
- to choose, select, choose for oneself, choose as or for
- to choose in marriage, woo
- to ask a person for or on behalf of
- to solicit anything from
- to ask or request that
- to like better than, prefer to
- to like, love (as opposed to 'hate')
- to choose or pick out a person (for a boon), grant (a boon) to
Conjugation
[edit]Present: वृणोति (vṛṇóti), वृणुते (vṛṇuté) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active | Mediopassive | ||||||
Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||
Indicative | |||||||
Third | वृणोति vṛṇóti |
वृणुतः vṛṇutáḥ |
वृण्वन्ति vṛṇvánti |
वृणुते vṛṇuté |
वृण्वाते vṛṇvā́te |
वृण्वते vṛṇváte | |
Second | वृणोषि vṛṇóṣi |
वृणुथः vṛṇutháḥ |
वृणुथ vṛṇuthá |
वृणुषे vṛṇuṣé |
वृण्वाथे vṛṇvā́the |
वृणुध्वे vṛṇudhvé | |
First | वृणोमि vṛṇómi |
वृण्वः / वृणुवः vṛṇváḥ / vṛṇuváḥ |
वृण्मः / वृण्मसि¹ / वृणुमः / वृणुमसि¹ vṛṇmáḥ / vṛṇmási¹ / vṛṇumáḥ / vṛṇumási¹ |
वृण्वे vṛṇvé |
वृण्वहे / वृणुवहे vṛṇváhe / vṛṇuváhe |
वृण्महे / वृणुमहे vṛṇmáhe / vṛṇumáhe | |
Imperative | |||||||
Third | वृणोतु vṛṇótu |
वृणुताम् vṛṇutā́m |
वृण्वन्तु vṛṇvántu |
वृणुताम् vṛṇutā́m |
वृण्वाताम् vṛṇvā́tām |
वृण्वताम् vṛṇvátām | |
Second | वृणु / वृणुहि¹ vṛṇú / vṛṇuhí¹ |
वृणुतम् vṛṇutám |
वृणुत vṛṇutá |
वृणुष्व vṛṇuṣvá |
वृण्वाथाम् vṛṇvā́thām |
वृणुध्वम् vṛṇudhvám | |
First | वृणवानि vṛṇávāni |
वृणवाव vṛṇávāva |
वृणवाम vṛṇávāma |
वृणवै vṛṇávai |
वृणवावहै vṛṇávāvahai |
वृणवामहै vṛṇávāmahai | |
Optative/Potential | |||||||
Third | वृणुयात् vṛṇuyā́t |
वृणुयाताम् vṛṇuyā́tām |
वृणुयुः vṛṇuyúḥ |
वृण्वीत vṛṇvītá |
वृण्वीयाताम् vṛṇvīyā́tām |
वृण्वीरन् vṛṇvīrán | |
Second | वृणुयाः vṛṇuyā́ḥ |
वृणुयातम् vṛṇuyā́tam |
वृणुयात vṛṇuyā́ta |
वृण्वीथाः vṛṇvīthā́ḥ |
वृण्वीयाथाम् vṛṇvīyā́thām |
वृण्वीध्वम् vṛṇvīdhvám | |
First | वृणुयाम् vṛṇuyā́m |
वृणुयाव vṛṇuyā́va |
वृणुयाम vṛṇuyā́ma |
वृण्वीय vṛṇvīyá |
वृण्वीवहि vṛṇvīváhi |
वृण्वीमहि vṛṇvīmáhi | |
Subjunctive | |||||||
Third | वृणवत् / वृणवति vṛṇávat / vṛṇávati |
वृणवतः vṛṇávataḥ |
वृणवन् vṛṇávan |
वृणवते / वृणवातै vṛṇávate / vṛṇávātai |
वृणवैते vṛṇávaite |
वृणवन्त / वृणवान्तै vṛṇávanta / vṛṇávāntai | |
Second | वृणवः / वृणवसि vṛṇávaḥ / vṛṇávasi |
वृणवथः vṛṇávathaḥ |
वृणवथ vṛṇávatha |
वृणवसे / वृणवासै vṛṇávase / vṛṇávāsai |
वृणवैथे vṛṇávaithe |
वृणवाध्वै vṛṇávādhvai | |
First | वृणवानि / वृणवा vṛṇávāni / vṛṇávā |
वृणवाव vṛṇávāva |
वृणवाम vṛṇávāma |
वृणवै vṛṇávai |
वृणवावहै vṛṇávāvahai |
वृणवामहै vṛṇávāmahai | |
Participles | |||||||
वृण्वत् vṛṇvát |
वृण्वान vṛṇvāná | ||||||
Notes |
|
Imperfect: अवृणोत् (ávṛṇot), अवृनुत (ávṛnuta) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active | Mediopassive | |||||
Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Indicative | ||||||
Third | अवृणोत् ávṛṇot |
अवृनुताम् ávṛnutām |
अवृन्वन् ávṛnvan |
अवृनुत ávṛnuta |
अवृन्वाताम् ávṛnvātām |
अवृन्वत ávṛnvata |
Second | अवृणोः ávṛṇoḥ |
अवृनुतम् ávṛnutam |
अवृनुत ávṛnuta |
अवृनुथाः ávṛnuthāḥ |
अवृन्वाथाम् ávṛnvāthām |
अवृनुध्वम् ávṛnudhvam |
First | अवृणवम् ávṛṇavam |
अवृण्व / अवृनुव ávṛṇva / ávṛnuva |
अवृण्म / अवृनुम ávṛṇma / ávṛnuma |
अवृन्वि ávṛnvi |
अवृण्वहि / अवृनुवहि ávṛṇvahi / ávṛnuvahi |
अवृण्महि / अवृनुमहि ávṛṇmahi / ávṛnumahi |
Descendants
[edit]- Pali: varati
References
[edit]Monier Williams (1899) “वृणोति”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1007.
Etymology 2
[edit]From Proto-Indo-Aryan *wr̥náwti, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wr̥náwti. Further etymology uncertain.[2] It is possibly a merger of verbs from three Proto-Indo-European roots: *h₂wer- (“to enclose”), *wel- (“to enclose”), and *wer- (“to guard”).[3]
Verb
[edit]वृणोति • (vṛṇóti) third-singular indicative (class 5, type P, root वृ)
- to cover, screen, veil, conceal, hide, envelop, obstruct
- to ward off, check, keep back, prevent hinder, restrain
Conjugation
[edit]Present: वृणोति (vṛṇóti), वृणुते (vṛṇuté) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active | Mediopassive | ||||||
Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||
Indicative | |||||||
Third | वृणोति vṛṇóti |
वृणुतः vṛṇutáḥ |
वृण्वन्ति vṛṇvánti |
वृणुते vṛṇuté |
वृण्वाते vṛṇvā́te |
वृण्वते vṛṇváte | |
Second | वृणोषि vṛṇóṣi |
वृणुथः vṛṇutháḥ |
वृणुथ vṛṇuthá |
वृणुषे vṛṇuṣé |
वृण्वाथे vṛṇvā́the |
वृणुध्वे vṛṇudhvé | |
First | वृणोमि vṛṇómi |
वृण्वः / वृणुवः vṛṇváḥ / vṛṇuváḥ |
वृण्मः / वृण्मसि¹ / वृणुमः / वृणुमसि¹ vṛṇmáḥ / vṛṇmási¹ / vṛṇumáḥ / vṛṇumási¹ |
वृण्वे vṛṇvé |
वृण्वहे / वृणुवहे vṛṇváhe / vṛṇuváhe |
वृण्महे / वृणुमहे vṛṇmáhe / vṛṇumáhe | |
Imperative | |||||||
Third | वृणोतु vṛṇótu |
वृणुताम् vṛṇutā́m |
वृण्वन्तु vṛṇvántu |
वृणुताम् vṛṇutā́m |
वृण्वाताम् vṛṇvā́tām |
वृण्वताम् vṛṇvátām | |
Second | वृणु / वृणुहि¹ vṛṇú / vṛṇuhí¹ |
वृणुतम् vṛṇutám |
वृणुत vṛṇutá |
वृणुष्व vṛṇuṣvá |
वृण्वाथाम् vṛṇvā́thām |
वृणुध्वम् vṛṇudhvám | |
First | वृणवानि vṛṇávāni |
वृणवाव vṛṇávāva |
वृणवाम vṛṇávāma |
वृणवै vṛṇávai |
वृणवावहै vṛṇávāvahai |
वृणवामहै vṛṇávāmahai | |
Optative/Potential | |||||||
Third | वृणुयात् vṛṇuyā́t |
वृणुयाताम् vṛṇuyā́tām |
वृणुयुः vṛṇuyúḥ |
वृण्वीत vṛṇvītá |
वृण्वीयाताम् vṛṇvīyā́tām |
वृण्वीरन् vṛṇvīrán | |
Second | वृणुयाः vṛṇuyā́ḥ |
वृणुयातम् vṛṇuyā́tam |
वृणुयात vṛṇuyā́ta |
वृण्वीथाः vṛṇvīthā́ḥ |
वृण्वीयाथाम् vṛṇvīyā́thām |
वृण्वीध्वम् vṛṇvīdhvám | |
First | वृणुयाम् vṛṇuyā́m |
वृणुयाव vṛṇuyā́va |
वृणुयाम vṛṇuyā́ma |
वृण्वीय vṛṇvīyá |
वृण्वीवहि vṛṇvīváhi |
वृण्वीमहि vṛṇvīmáhi | |
Subjunctive | |||||||
Third | वृणवत् / वृणवति vṛṇávat / vṛṇávati |
वृणवतः vṛṇávataḥ |
वृणवन् vṛṇávan |
वृणवते / वृणवातै vṛṇávate / vṛṇávātai |
वृणवैते vṛṇávaite |
वृणवन्त / वृणवान्तै vṛṇávanta / vṛṇávāntai | |
Second | वृणवः / वृणवसि vṛṇávaḥ / vṛṇávasi |
वृणवथः vṛṇávathaḥ |
वृणवथ vṛṇávatha |
वृणवसे / वृणवासै vṛṇávase / vṛṇávāsai |
वृणवैथे vṛṇávaithe |
वृणवाध्वै vṛṇávādhvai | |
First | वृणवानि / वृणवा vṛṇávāni / vṛṇávā |
वृणवाव vṛṇávāva |
वृणवाम vṛṇávāma |
वृणवै vṛṇávai |
वृणवावहै vṛṇávāvahai |
वृणवामहै vṛṇávāmahai | |
Participles | |||||||
वृण्वत् vṛṇvát |
वृण्वान vṛṇvāná | ||||||
Notes |
|
Imperfect: अवृणोत् (ávṛṇot), अवृनुत (ávṛnuta) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active | Mediopassive | |||||
Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Indicative | ||||||
Third | अवृणोत् ávṛṇot |
अवृनुताम् ávṛnutām |
अवृन्वन् ávṛnvan |
अवृनुत ávṛnuta |
अवृन्वाताम् ávṛnvātām |
अवृन्वत ávṛnvata |
Second | अवृणोः ávṛṇoḥ |
अवृनुतम् ávṛnutam |
अवृनुत ávṛnuta |
अवृनुथाः ávṛnuthāḥ |
अवृन्वाथाम् ávṛnvāthām |
अवृनुध्वम् ávṛnudhvam |
First | अवृणवम् ávṛṇavam |
अवृण्व / अवृनुव ávṛṇva / ávṛnuva |
अवृण्म / अवृनुम ávṛṇma / ávṛnuma |
अवृन्वि ávṛnvi |
अवृण्वहि / अवृनुवहि ávṛṇvahi / ávṛnuvahi |
अवृण्महि / अवृनुमहि ávṛṇmahi / ávṛnumahi |
Descendants
[edit]- Pali: varati
References
[edit]Monier Williams (1899) “वृणोति”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1007.
References
[edit]- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “VAR1-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 511
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “VAR²”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][2] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 513: “die Zuweisung von iir. *var an idg. Vorstufen ist schwierig.”
- ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 228: “Im Ved. ist *Hu̯er- mit l .*u̯el- 'einschließen' und 1 .*u̯er- 'aufhalten, wehren' zusammengefallen;”
Further reading
[edit]- Monier Monier-Williams (2008 February 9 (last accessed)) “Sanskrit-English Dictionary”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name)[3]
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Sanskrit terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *welh₁-
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-Aryan
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation
- Sanskrit lemmas
- Sanskrit verbs
- Sanskrit class 5 verbs
- Sanskrit parasmaipada verbs
- Sanskrit terms belonging to the root वृ
- Sanskrit verbs in Devanagari script
- Sanskrit terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *wer- (heed)