出恭

Chinese

		to go out; to come out; to occur to go out; to come out; to occur; to produce; to go beyond; to rise; to put forth; to happen; (a measure word for dramas, plays, or operas)	respectful
simp. and trad. (出恭)		出	恭

Etymology

From an anti-cheating strategy in the Imperial Examination in ancient China, where candidates were required to hold a card written with the phrase 出恭入敬 (chūgōngrùjìng, “leaving and entering [the examination site] respectfully”) when going to toilet during the examination and return it when they were back so as to prevent them from leaving using such excuse (see 出 (chū), 入 (rù), and 恭敬 (gōngjìng) for detailed meaning).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): chūgōng

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄨ ㄍㄨㄥ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ceot¹ gung¹
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chhut-kiong

  (Teochew, Peng'im): cug⁴ giong¹

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁷tsheq-kon

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: chūgōng
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄨ ㄍㄨㄥ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: chugong
    • Wade–Giles: chʻu¹-kung¹
    • Yale: chū-gūng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chugong
    • Palladius: чугун (čugun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/
    • Homophones:

      [Show/Hide]
      edit edit 出宮／出宫 出工 出恭

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: ceot¹ gung¹
    • Yale: chēut gūng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsoet⁷ gung¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: cêd¹ gung¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɵt̚⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhut-kiong
    • Tâi-lô: tshut-kiong
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zhutkiofng
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ kiɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰut̚⁵⁻²⁴ kiɔŋ³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁵ kiɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ kiɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ kiɔŋ⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: cug⁴ giong¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshuk kiong
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰuk̚²⁻⁴ kioŋ³³/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁷tsheq-kon
    • MiniDict: tsheh^入 kon
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴tsheq-kon
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sʰəʔ³³ koŋ⁴⁴/

Verb

出恭

1. (euphemistic) to go to the toilet, especially to defecate

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 上廁所 (“to go to the toilet”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		如廁, 上廁所, 出恭
Mandarin	Taiwan	上廁所
	Harbin	上外頭
	Singapore	上廁所
Cantonese	Guangzhou	去廁所, 去洗手間
	Hong Kong	去廁所, 去洗手間, 去toilet
	Kaiping (Chikan)	喊悶
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	去廁所, 去洗手間, 去toilet, 去屎坑 rare, 出恭 rare
	Singapore (Guangfu)	去廁所
Hakka	Meixian	去廁所
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	去便所
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	去便所
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	去便所
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	去便所
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	去便所
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	去便所
Southern Min	Singapore (Hokkien)	去染蠻
Wu	Shanghai	去世界盃

Dialectal synonyms of 拉屎 (“to defecate”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		更衣 euphemistic
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		大便, 大解, 排便, 出大恭 euphemistic, 撇條 euphemistic
Mandarin	Beijing	拉屎, 解大手兒, 拉㞎㞎
	Taiwan	拉屎, 大便, 便便, 上二號, 上大號
	Tianjin	解大手兒, 拉㞎㞎
	Ulanhot	拉屎, 拉㞎㞎
	Tongliao	拉屎, 拉㞎㞎
	Chifeng	大便
	Bayanhot	㞎屎, 㞎手, 㞎解
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	拉屎
	Harbin	拉屎, 大便, 解大手兒
	Yantai (Muping)	拉屎
	Jinan	拉屎, 解大手, 大便
	Luoyang	屙屎, 解大手兒, 大便
	Wanrong	㞎屎
	Zhengzhou	屙屎
	Xi'an	㞎屎
	Yinchuan	㞎屎
	Lanzhou	㞎屎
	Xining	大便, 解大手
	Ürümqi	㞎屎, 大便, 解大手, 拉㞎㞎 childish
	Wuhan	屙㞎㞎, 解大手, 丟堆子 dated, slang
	Huanggang	解大手
	Chengdu	屙屎, 解大手
	Guiyang	屙屎, 解大手, 解大便, 屙㞎㞎 childish
	Kunming	解大手
	Guilin	屙㞎
	Liuzhou	屙屎, 屙癟, 解大手, 解大便, 大便
	Xuzhou	屙屎, 解大手, 出大恭
	Yangzhou	屙屎, 出恭, 屙㞎㞎 childish
	Nanjing	屙屎, 大解 dated, euphemistic
	Hefei	屙屎
	Nantong	屙屎, 屙㞎, 大解, 解大手 euphemistic
	Malaysia	拉屎, 大便 childish
	Singapore	拉屎, 大便
Cantonese	Guangzhou	屙屎, 屙茄, 大便, 屙扽 dated, 屙唔 childish, 屙唔唔 childish
	Hong Kong	屙屎, 屙茄, 大便, 屙大, 屙唔 childish, 屙唔唔 childish, 屙臭臭 childish, 勃勃 childish, 屙勃勃 childish, 屙坺坺 childish, 屙poo poo childish, 開大 slang, 爆石 slang, 擺堆 slang
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	屙屎
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	屙屎
	Macau	屙屎, 大便
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	屙屎
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	屙屎
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	屙屎
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	屙屎
	Foshan	屙屎
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	屙屎
	Foshan (Shunde)	屙屎
	Foshan (Sanshui)	屙屎
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	屙屎
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	屙屎
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	屙屎
	Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)	屙屎
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	屙屎, 出恭, 屙茄
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	屙屎
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	屙屎
	Taishan	屙屎
	Kaiping (Chikan)	屙屎
	Enping (Niujiang)	屙屎
	Heshan (Yayao)	屙屎
	Dongguan	屙屎
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	屙屎
	Shaoguan	屙屎
	Yunfu	屙屎
	Yangjiang	屙屎
	Xinyi	屙屎
	Zhanjiang	擺堆
	Lianjiang	屙屎
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	屙屎, 炸東京 slang
	Ipoh (Guangfu)	屙屎, 爆石, 開大, 交電費
	Singapore (Guangfu)	屙屎
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	屙屎
Gan	Nanchang	屙屎, 解大手
	Lichuan	屙屎
	Pingxiang	屙屎, 解大手
Hakka	Meixian	屙屎
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	屙屎, 屙茄, 屙不 childish
	Changting	屙屎
	Yudu	屙屎
	Ruijin	屙屎
	Shicheng	屙屎
	Shangyou (Shexi)	屙屎
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	屙屎
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	屙屎
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	屙屎, 行通
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	屙屎, 行通
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	屙屎
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	屙屎
	Hong Kong	屙屎
	Sabah (Longchuan)	屙屎
	Senai (Huiyang)	屙屎
	Kuching (Hepo)	屙屎
	Singkawang	屙屎
Huizhou	Jixi	屙屎
	Shexian	擦屎
	Tunxi	拉屎
	Xiuning	拉屎, 拉五, 上屎缸
	Yixian	拉屎
	Qimen	屙屎
	Wuyuan	放屎, 出恭
	Fuliang	屙屎, 放屎
	Dexing	屙屎
	Shitai (Xianyu)	屙屎
Jin	Taiyuan	屙屎
	Taibus (Baochang)	屙屎
	Linhe	屙屎
	Jining	大便
	Hohhot	屙屎
	Baotou	大便
	Dongsheng	拉屎
	Haibowan	拉屎
Northern Min	Pucheng (Shibei)	拉屎
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	拉屎, 大解, 出恭 euphemistic
	Fuqing	拉屎
	Sitiawan (Gutian)	拉屎
Southern Min	Xiamen	放屎, 出恭 euphemistic
	Quanzhou	放屎, 出恭 euphemistic
	Jinjiang	放屎
	Shishi	放屎
	Zhangzhou	放屎, 出恭 euphemistic, 應屎 childish
	Taipei	放屎
	Kaohsiung	放屎
	Yilan	放屎
	Changhua (Lukang)	放屎
	Taichung	放屎
	Taichung (Wuqi)	放屎
	Tainan	放屎
	Taitung	放屎
	Hsinchu	放屎
	Penghu (Magong)	放屎
	Penang (Hokkien)	放屎
	Singapore (Hokkien)	放屎
	Manila (Hokkien)	放屎, 大便
	Chaozhou	放屎
	Shantou	放屎
	Shantou (Chaoyang)	放屎
	Jieyang	放屎
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	放屎
	Singapore (Teochew)	放屎
	Leizhou	放屎
	Wenchang	放屎
	Haikou	放屎, 出恭
	Singapore (Hainanese)	放屎
Puxian Min	Putian	拉屎
	Xianyou	拉屎
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	屙屎
Wu	Shanghai	拆惡, 惹惡, 大便, 解大溲, 上馬桶, 辦公 humorous, 跳舞 humorous, 拆惡惡 childish, 惹惡惡 childish, 大溲 dated, 大解 dated
	Shanghai (Chongming)	射惡
	Suzhou	拆惡, 惹惡, 拆屎, 惹屎
	Wuxi	屙屎
	Danyang	屙屎, 解手, 出恭, 屙恭
	Hangzhou	惹惡
	Ningbo	惹惡, 大便, 大解
	Wenzhou	拉惡
	Jinhua	射惡
Xiang	Changsha	屙屎, 解大手
	Loudi	屙屎, 解大手 euphemistic, 屙㞎㞎 childish
	Shuangfeng	屙屎