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See also: and
U+51FA, 出
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-51FA

[U+51F9]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+51FB]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
5 strokes
Stroke order

Han character[edit]

(Kangxi radical 17, +3, 5 strokes, cangjie input 山山 (UU), four-corner 22772, composition or )

Derived characters[edit]

Related characters[edit]

  • (U+5C80, Unorthodox variant)

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 135, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1811
  • Dae Jaweon: page 301, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 307, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+51FA

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Ideogrammic compound (會意会意): (foot) + (cave) – to step out of a cave; to exit. Compare .

By the Qin dynasty, the character has lost its original shape. Based on the distorted form, Shuowen mistakenly interprets the character as a pictogram (象形) of a plant growing outwards.

Etymology 1[edit]

STEDT derives this word from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-twak (to come or go out; to emerge); compare Burmese ထွက် (htwak, to go or come out; to produce or yield; to leave), Proto-Lolo-Burmese *ʔ-twakᴴ (to come or got out; to emerge), Proto-Kuki-Chin *tshuak-I, *tshuaʔ-II (to come out; to emerge; to appear). The -t final may be particular to Chinese.

Alternatively, Sagart (1999) and Baxter and Sagart (2014) suggest that this word is related to other words that express extraction, such as (OC *[ɡ]ut, “to dig out”), and reconstruct the Old Chinese with an intransitivizing prefix *t-.

Pronunciation[edit]


Note: cyut1 - variant.
Note:
  • cug4 - literary;
  • cuh4 - vernacular (dialectal).
  • Wu
  • Xiang

    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location
    Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵/
    Harbin /ʈ͡ʂʰu⁴⁴/
    /ʈ͡ʂʰu²⁴/ ~去
    Tianjin /ʈ͡ʂʰu²¹/
    /t͡sʰu²¹/
    Jinan /ʈ͡ʂʰu²¹³/
    Qingdao /tʃʰu⁵⁵/
    Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂʰu²⁴/
    Xi'an /p͡fʰu²¹/
    Xining /ʈ͡ʂʰv̩⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /ʈ͡ʂʰu¹³/
    Lanzhou /p͡fʰu¹³/
    Ürümqi /ʈ͡ʂʰu²¹³/
    Wuhan /t͡ɕʰy²¹³/
    Chengdu /t͡sʰu³¹/
    Guiyang /t͡sʰu²¹/
    Kunming /ʈ͡ʂʰu³¹/
    Nanjing /ʈ͡ʂʰuʔ⁵/
    Hefei /ʈ͡ʂʰuəʔ⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /t͡sʰuəʔ²/
    Pingyao /t͡sʰuʌʔ¹³/
    Hohhot /t͡sʰuəʔ⁴³/
    Wu Shanghai /t͡sʰəʔ⁵/
    Suzhou /t͡sʰəʔ⁵/
    Hangzhou /t͡sʰəʔ⁵/
    /t͡sʰz̩ʷəʔ⁵/
    Wenzhou /t͡ɕʰy²¹³/
    Hui Shexian /t͡ɕʰyʔ²¹/
    Tunxi /t͡sʰə⁵/
    Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕʰy²⁴/
    Xiangtan /t͡ɕʰy²⁴/
    Gan Nanchang /t͡sʰɨʔ⁵/
    Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰut̚¹/
    Taoyuan /tʃʰut̚²²/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sʰøt̚⁵/
    Nanning /t͡sʰyt̚⁵⁵/
    Hong Kong /t͡sʰøt̚⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /t͡sʰut̚³²/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /t͡sʰouʔ²³/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /t͡sʰy²⁴/
    Shantou (Teochew) /t͡sʰuk̚²/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /sut̚⁵/

    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 2/2 1/2
    Initial () (24) (24)
    Final () (52) (16)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Closed Closed
    Division () III III
    Fanqie
    Baxter tsyhwit tsyhwijH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /t͡ɕʰiuɪt̚/ /t͡ɕʰiuɪH/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /t͡ɕʰʷit̚/ /t͡ɕʰʷiH/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /t͡ɕʰjuet̚/ /t͡ɕʰjuɪH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /cʰwit̚/ /cʰwiH/
    Li
    Rong
    /t͡ɕʰiuĕt̚/ /t͡ɕʰuiH/
    Wang
    Li
    /t͡ɕʰĭuĕt̚/ /t͡ɕʰwiH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /t͡ɕʰi̯uĕt̚/ /t͡ɕʰwiH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    chu chuì
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    ceot1 ceoi3
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    chū chuì
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ tsyhwit › ‹ tsyhwijH ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*t-kʰut/ /*t-kʰut-s/
    English go or come out bring or take out

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 2/2 1/2
    No. 1578 1545
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    2 3
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*kʰljud/ /*kʰljuds/

    Definitions[edit]

    1. to go out; to leave; to exit
      Antonym: ()
        ―  chūlái  ―  to come out
        ―  chūguó  ―  to leave one's country
      門口 [Cantonese, trad.]
      门口 [Cantonese, simp.]
      nei5 ceot1 zo2 mun4 hau2 mei6 aa3? [Jyutping]
      Have you left home yet?
    2. to appear
      水落石  ―  shuǐluòshíchū  ―  the truth is revealed (literally, “the water recedes and the rocks appear”)
      論語·论语·  ―  chū “Lùnyǔ Yōngyě”  ―  It is from Yong Ye of the Analects.
    3. to come; to arrive
        ―  chū  ―  to attend
        ―  chūchǎng  ―  to enter the stage
    4. (Cantonese) to go (to a certain place)
      [Cantonese]  ―  ceot1 gaai1 [Jyutping]  ―  to go out
      市區市区 [Cantonese]  ―  ceot1 si5 keoi1 [Jyutping]  ―  to go downtown
      call的士機場 [Hong Kong Cantonese, trad.]
      call的士机场 [Hong Kong Cantonese, simp.]
      bong1 ngo5 ko1 gaa3 dik1 si6-2 aa1, ngo5 jiu3 ceot1 gei1 coeng4. [Jyutping]
      (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    5. (Cantonese) out; outside
      Antonym: (jap6) (Cantonese)
      便 [Cantonese]  ―  ceot1 bin6 [Jyutping]  ―  outside
      因住 [Cantonese, trad.]
      因住 [Cantonese, simp.]
      nei5 kei5 dou3 gam3 ceot1, jan1 zyu6 bei2 ce1 zong6 aa3. [Jyutping]
      (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    6. to send out; to put forth
      題目题目  ―  chū tímù  ―  to set questions
        ―  chūqián, wǒ chūlì.  ―  You contribute money and I contribute my strength.
      主意 [MSC, trad.]
      主意 [MSC, simp.]
      Wǒ gěi tā chū le ge hǎo zhǔyì. [Pinyin]
      I came up with a good idea for him.
    7. to exceed
        ―  Qiú chūjiè le.  ―  The ball went out-of-bounds.
        ―  chū yī nián  ―  within one year
    8. to produce; to turn out
        ―  chū méi  ―  to produce coal
      他們學校高考狀元 [MSC, trad.]
      他们学校高考状元 [MSC, simp.]
      Tāmen xuéxiào chū le ge gāokǎo zhuàngyuán. [Pinyin]
      Their school produced a gaokao top scorer.
    9. to happen; to arise
      問題问题  ―  chū wèntí  ―  to have a problem
      大事  ―  Chū dàshì le!  ―  Something big happened!
    10. to vent
        ―  chū  ―  to sprout
        ―  chūhàn  ―  to sweat
      水痘  ―  chū shuǐdòu  ―  to have chickenpox
    11. (ergative) to publish; to be released (e.g. a product, film, or announcement)
      出版社 [MSC, trad.]
      出版社 [MSC, simp.]
      Zhè běn shū shì nǎ jiā chūbǎnshè chū de? [Pinyin]
      Which publisher published this book?
      Windows 10已經 [Cantonese, trad.]
      Windows 10已经 [Cantonese, simp.]
      Windows 10 ji5 ging1 ceot1 zo2 jat1 nin4 [Jyutping]
      Windows 10 has already been out for a year
    12. to expend
      量入為量入为  ―  liàngrùwéichū  ―  to budget one’s expenses according to one’s income
    13. (Hong Kong Cantonese) to buy (an electronic device, such as a mobile phone or computer) (clarification of this definition is needed)
      電話 [Cantonese, trad.]
      电话 [Cantonese, simp.]
      ceot1 bou6 din6 waa6-2 bei2 keoi5 jung6 [Jyutping]
      to buy a mobile phone for him to use
    14. Particle placed after verbs to indicate an outward movement.
      身份證身份证  ―  chū nǐ de shēnfènzhèng  ―  take out your ID card
      香港  ―  zǒuchū Xiānggǎng  ―  to come out of Hong Kong
    15. Particle placed after verbs to indicate a completed action. to determine
      辦法办法  ―  xiǎng bù chū bànfǎ  ―  cannot come up with solutions
      分別問題 [Cantonese, trad.]
      分别问题 [Cantonese, simp.]
      tai2 m4 ceot1 jau5 me1 fan1 bit6 (man6 tai4) [Jyutping]
      don't see any difference (problem)
      味道 [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]
      sik6 m4 ceot1 me1 mei6 dou6 [Jyutping]
      doesn't have any flavor

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 2[edit]

    For pronunciation and definitions of – see (“act; stanza; time, occasion; etc.”).
    (This character is the simplified and variant traditional form of ).
    Notes:

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    (grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    しゅつ
    Grade: 1
    kan’on

    From Middle Chinese (MC tsyhwit).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    (しゅつ) (shutsu

    1. being from a certain place
    2. a coming out, exiting

    Affix[edit]

    (しゅつ) (shutsu

    1. come out, exit
    2. appear, emerge
    3. become visible, materialize
    4. be born
    5. excel, surpass
    6. attend, present
    Derived terms[edit]

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    すい
    Grade: 1
    on’yomi

    From Middle Chinese (MC tsyhwijH).

    Affix[edit]

    (すい) (sui

    1. going out
    2. putting out, showing
    Derived terms[edit]

    Etymology 3[edit]

    Kanji in this term

    Grade: 1
    kun’yomi

    The 連用形 (ren’yōkei, stem or continuative form) of verb 出る (deru, to come out).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    () (de

    1. the process of something coming out
    2. something that comes out

    Derived terms[edit]

    Etymology 4[edit]

    Kanji in this term

    Grade: 1
    kun’yomi

    Contraction of classical verb 出づ (izu), omitting the initial i-.

    Verb[edit]

    () (zu (du)?nidan

    1. (obsolete) to go or come out
    2. (obsolete) to appear
    Usage notes[edit]

    The 出る (deru) form is now the standard term for this in modern Japanese.

    Conjugation[edit]

    References[edit]

    1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006) 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. 2.0 2.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998) NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    From Middle Chinese (MC tsyhwit).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 츄ᇙ〮 (Yale: chyúlq)
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Gwangju Cheonjamun, 1575 (Yale: nal) (Yale: chyul)
    Sinjeung Yuhap, 1576 (Yale: nal) (Yale: chyul)
    Seokbong Cheonjamun, 1583 (Yale: nal) (Yale: chyul)

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    (eumhun (nal chul))

    1. Hanja form? of (to come out; to go out).
    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 2[edit]

    From Middle Chinese /. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    (eumhun 단락 (dallak cheok))

    1. Alternative form of (Hanja form? of (act, scene, as of a play or movie).)

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [1]

    Old Japanese[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    Contraction of verb 出づ (idu), omitting the initial i-.

    Verb[edit]

    (du) (kana )

    1. to appear
    Quotations[edit]
    Derived terms[edit]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    : Hán Nôm readings: xuất, xúy/xuý

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.