苦い

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search

Japanese

[edit]
Kanji in this term
にが
Grade: 3
kun'yomi

Etymology

[edit]

Ultimately from Proto-Japonic *ninka; cognate with Proto-Ryukyuan *niga.

First cited to a text from 858.[1]

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • Tokyo pitch accent of inflected forms of 「苦い
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Continuative (連用形) 苦く がく
[níꜜgàkù]
[nìgáꜜkù]
Terminal (終止形) 苦い [nìgáꜜì]
Attributive (連体形) 苦い [nìgáꜜì]
Key constructions
Informal negative 苦くない がくない
くない
[níꜜgàkùnàì]
[nìgáꜜkùnàì]
Informal past 苦かった がかった
かった
[níꜜgàkàttà]
[nìgáꜜkàttà]
Informal negative past 苦くなかった がくなかった
くなかった
[níꜜgàkùnàkàttà]
[nìgáꜜkùnàkàttà]
Formal 苦いです いです [nìgáꜜìdèsù]
Conjunctive 苦くて がくて
くて
[níꜜgàkùtè]
[nìgáꜜkùtè]
Conditional 苦ければ がければ
ければ
[níꜜgàkèrèbà]
[nìgáꜜkèrèbà]

Adjective

[edit]

(にが) (nigai-i (adverbial (にが) (nigaku))

  1. bitter
    (にが)コーヒー
    nigai kōhī
    bitter coffee
    (にが)経験(けいけん)
    nigai keiken
    bitter experience

Inflection

[edit]

Antonyms

[edit]
[edit]

See also

[edit]
Basic tastes in Japanese · 味覚(みかく) (mikaku) (layout · text)
(あま) (amai) ()っぱい (suppai) (しょ)っぱい (shoppai) (にが​) (niga​i) (から​) (kara​i) 旨味(うまみ) (umami)

References

[edit]
  1. ^ ”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  4. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN