輝く
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Japanese[edit]
Etymology[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 輝 |
| かがや Grade: S |
| kun’yomi |
| Alternative spellings |
|---|
| 耀く 赫く |
Originally kakayaku.[1][2][3] Samuel Martin suggests the initial kaka- element is a mimetic word.[3] The -yaku element may be the verb-forming suffix やく (-yaku). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
Pronunciation[edit]
- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "輝く"
| Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) |
輝く | かがやく | [kàgáyáꜜkù] |
| Imperative (命令形) | 輝け | かがやけ | [kàgáyáꜜkè] |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 輝かれる | かがやかれる | [kàgáyákáréꜜrù] |
| Causative | 輝かせる | かがやかせる | [kàgáyákáséꜜrù] |
| Potential | 輝ける | かがやける | [kàgáyákéꜜrù] |
| Volitional | 輝こう | かがやこー | [kàgáyákóꜜò] |
| Negative | 輝かない | かがやかない | [kàgáyákáꜜnàì] |
| Negative perfective | 輝かなかった | かがやかなかった | [kàgáyákáꜜnàkàttà] |
| Formal | 輝きます | かがやきます | [kàgáyákímáꜜsù] |
| Perfective | 輝いた | かがやいた | [kàgáyáꜜìtà] |
| Conjunctive | 輝いて | かがやいて | [kàgáyáꜜìtè] |
| Hypothetical conditional | 輝けば | かがやけば | [kàgáyáꜜkèbà] |
Verb[edit]
輝く • (kagayaku) intransitive godan (stem 輝き (kagayaki), past 輝いた (kagayaita))
Conjugation[edit]
Conjugation of "輝く" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 輝か | かがやか | kagayaka |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 輝き | かがやき | kagayaki |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 輝く | かがやく | kagayaku |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 輝く | かがやく | kagayaku |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 輝け | かがやけ | kagayake |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 輝け | かがやけ | kagayake |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 輝かれる | かがやかれる | kagayakareru |
| Causative | 輝かせる 輝かす |
かがやかせる かがやかす |
kagayakaseru kagayakasu |
| Potential | 輝ける | かがやける | kagayakeru |
| Volitional | 輝こう | かがやこう | kagayakō |
| Negative | 輝かない | かがやかない | kagayakanai |
| Negative continuative | 輝かず | かがやかず | kagayakazu |
| Formal | 輝きます | かがやきます | kagayakimasu |
| Perfective | 輝いた | かがやいた | kagayaita |
| Conjunctive | 輝いて | かがやいて | kagayaite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 輝けば | かがやけば | kagayakeba |
Synonyms[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ “輝・耀”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
- ^ “輝く”, in デジタル大辞泉[2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Martin, Samuel E. (1987) The Japanese Language Through Time, New Haven, London: Yale University Press, →ISBN, page 701
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN