shine

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[edit] English

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Shine

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[edit] Etymology

Old English scīnan, from Proto-Germanic *skīnanan. Cognate with Dutch schijnen, German scheinen, Swedish skina.

In Middle English the most standard forms are[1]:

present: shīnen
simple past: (singular) shōne, (plural) shīneden
past participle: shīned

The form shīned(e) has already appeared as an alternate past singular at this time, although only in Northern English usage. There is no recorded use of shōne as an alternate past participle in Middle English.

[edit] Pronunciation

enPR: shīn
IPA: /ʃaɪn/, SAMPA: /SaIn/
Audio (US)

(file)

Rhymes: -aɪn

[edit] Verb

shine (third-person singular simple present shines, present participle shining, simple past and past participle shined or shone)

(intransitive) To emit light.
(intransitive) To reflect light.
(intransitive) To distinguish oneself; to excel.

My nephew tried other sports before deciding on football, which he shined at right away, quickly becoming the star of his school team.
- 2011 January 15, Phil McNulty, “Tottenham 0 - 0 Man Utd”, BBC:
  
  It prompted an exchange of substitutions as Jermain Defoe replaced Palacios and Javier Hernandez came on for Berbatov, who had failed to shine against his former club.
  
  I was grateful to you for giving him a year's schooling — where he shined at it — and for putting him as a clerk in your counting-house, where he shined still more.
- 1867. Frederick William Robinson. No Man's Friend. Harper. page 91
(intransitive) To be immediately apparent.
(transitive) To polish (something).

He shined my shoes until they were polished smooth and gleaming.
(transitive, cricket) To polish a cricket ball using saliva and one’s clothing.
(transitive) (ergative) To create light with a flashlight, lamp, torch, etc.

I shined my light into the darkness to see what was making the noise.
- "What's that?" Everett asked as he shined his flashlight into the air.
- 2008. David Lynn Goleman. Legend: An Event Group Thriller. Macmillan. page 381

[edit] Synonyms

(to emit light): beam, glow, radiate
(to reflect light): gleam, glint, glisten, glitter, reflect
(to distinguish oneself): excel
(to polish): polish, smooth, smoothen

[edit] Coordinate terms

(to emit light): beam, flash, glare, glimmer, shimmer, twinkle

[edit] Derived terms

[edit] Translations

to emit light

Arabic: لمع (ar) (láma`a)
Armenian: փայլել (hy) (p’aylel)
Catalan: brillar (ca)
Chinese:

Mandarin: 發亮 (cmn), 发亮 (cmn) (fāliàng), 照 (cmn) (zhào), 發光 (cmn), 发光 (cmn) (fāguāng), 輝 (cmn), 輝 (cmn), 辉 (cmn) (huī)
Crimean Tatar: yıltıramaq
Czech: svítit (cs)
Danish: skinne (da), lyse (da), stråle (da)
Dutch: schijnen (nl), stralen (nl)
Egyptian: wbn
Esperanto: brili (eo)
Finnish: loistaa (fi), paistaa (fi), hohtaa (fi), helottaa (fi)
French: briller (fr), luire (fr)
German: leuchten (de), scheinen (de)
Hungarian: ragyog (hu)
Interlingua: brillar (ia)
Italian: brillare (it), splendere (it)

Japanese: 輝く (ja) (かがやく, kagayaku), 光る (ja) (ひかる, hikaru)
Korean: 비추다 (bichuda), 비치다 (bichida), 빛나다 (bitnada)
Latin: lūceō (la)
Lithuanian: šviesti
Nahuatl: tona
Portuguese: brilhar (pt), luzir (pt), resplandecer (pt)
Romanian: străluci (ro), luci (ro), lumina (ro)
Russian: светить (ru) (svetít’), сиять (ru) (siját’), светиться (ru) (svetít’sja) (intransitive)
Scottish Gaelic: deàrrs, deàlraich, boillsg
Slovene: svetiti, sijati
Spanish: brillar (es), lucir (es)
Swedish: lysa (sv), skina (sv), stråla (sv)
Telugu: ప్రకాశించు (prakaaSiMchu)
Vietnamese: tỏa sáng (vi), chiếu sáng (vi), soi sáng (vi)
Welsh: disgleirio (cy)

to reflect light

Armenian: փայլել (hy) (p’aylel)
Danish: glimte (da)
Dutch: glanzen (nl), blinken (nl)
Finnish: kiiltää (fi)
German: glänzen (de)
Italian: risplendere (it)
Japanese: 輝く (ja) (かがやく, kagayaku)

Latin: nitere (la)
Nahuatl: tona
Portuguese: cintilar (pt)
Russian: блестеть (ru) (blestét’), сиять (ru) (siját’)
Scottish Gaelic: deàrrs, deàlraich, boillsg
Swedish: blänka (sv), glänsa (sv), reflektera (sv)
Telugu: మెరియు (meriyu)

to distinguish oneself

Armenian: փայլել (hy) (p’aylel)
Danish: glimre (da), brillere (da)
Dutch: uitblinken (nl)
Finnish: loistaa (fi), erottua (fi)
Italian: brillare (it)

Japanese: 目立つ (ja) (めだつ, medatsu)
Latin: emineo (la), excello (la), anteeo (la), antecedo (la)
Portuguese: sobressair (pt)
Romanian: străluci (ro)
Russian: блистать (ru) (blistát’), сиять (ru) (siját’)
Swedish: glänsa (sv), vara lysande (sv)
Telugu: వెలిగిపోవు (veligipOvu)

to be immediately apparent

Dutch: voor de hand liggen (nl)
Finnish: paistaa silmään

Latin: emineo (la)
Portuguese: sobressair (pt)
Swedish: lysa i ögonen (sv)

to polish

Danish: pudse (da), polere (da), blanke (da)
Dutch: opblinken (nl), polieren (nl)
Finnish: kiillottaa (fi), puleerata (fi)
German: polieren (de), bohnern (de)
Japanese: 磨く (ja) (みがく, migaku)

Latin: tergeo (la), polio (la), expolio (la), levigo (la)
Nahuatl: tona
Portuguese: lustrar (pt), polir (pt)
Romanian: lustrui (ro)
Russian: полировать (ru) (polirovát’), чистить (ru) (čístit’) (shoes)
Swedish: blanka (sv), polera (sv), putsa (sv)
Turkish: parlatmak (tr)

cricket: to polish a cricket ball

ergative: to create light with a flashlight, lamp, torch, etc.

Japanese: 照らす (ja) (てらす, terasu)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Help:How to check translations.

Translations to be checked

Bulgarian: светя (svetja) (1), блестя (blestja) (2)
Ido: brilar
Indonesian: menyinari, bersinar

Romanian: straluci
Spanish: brillar