δυσθυμία

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From δῠ́σθῡμος (dústhūmos, “despondent”) +‎ -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā), from δῠσ- (dus-, “bad”) + θῡμός (thūmós, “soul”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /dys.tʰyː.mí.aː/ → /ðys.θyˈmi.a/ → /ðis.θiˈmi.a/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /dys.tʰyː.mí.aː/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /dys.tʰyˈmi.a/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ðys.θyˈmi.a/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ðys.θyˈmi.a/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ðis.θiˈmi.a/

Noun

δῠσθῡμῐ́ᾱ • (dusthūmíā) f (genitive δῠσθῡμῐ́ᾱς); first declension

1. despondency, despair
   • 460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, On Ancient Medicine 12
   • 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Fragments 584
   • 423 BCE, Euripides, The Suppliants 696
   • 431 BCE, Euripides, Medea 691
   • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Problems 30.1.26

Inflection

First declension of ἡ δῠσθῡμῐ́ᾱ; τῆς δῠσθῡμῐ́ᾱς (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ δῠσθῡμῐ́ᾱ hē dusthūmíā	τὼ δῠσθῡμῐ́ᾱ tṑ dusthūmíā	αἱ δῠσθῡμῐ́αι hai dusthūmíai
Genitive	τῆς δῠσθῡμῐ́ᾱς tês dusthūmíās	τοῖν δῠσθῡμῐ́αιν toîn dusthūmíain	τῶν δῠσθῡμῐῶν tôn dusthūmiôn
Dative	τῇ δῠσθῡμῐ́ᾳ têi dusthūmíāi	τοῖν δῠσθῡμῐ́αιν toîn dusthūmíain	ταῖς δῠσθῡμῐ́αις taîs dusthūmíais
Accusative	τὴν δῠσθῡμῐ́ᾱν tḕn dusthūmíān	τὼ δῠσθῡμῐ́ᾱ tṑ dusthūmíā	τᾱ̀ς δῠσθῡμῐ́ᾱς tā̀s dusthūmíās
Vocative	δῠσθῡμῐ́ᾱ dusthūmíā	δῠσθῡμῐ́ᾱ dusthūmíā	δῠσθῡμῐ́αι dusthūmíai
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Antonyms

• εὐθυμία f (euthumía, “cheerfulness”)

Descendants

• → English: dysthymia
• Greek: δυσθυμία (dysthymía)

References

• “δυσθυμία”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “δυσθυμία”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• δυσθυμία in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• δυσθυμία in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
• δυσθυμία in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • dejection idem, page 207.
  • depression idem, page 213.
  • despair idem, page 216.
  • despondency idem, page 217.
  • discouragement idem, page 231.
  • gloom idem, page 362.
  • heaviness idem, page 393.
  • hopelessness idem, page 406.
  • joylessness idem, page 465.
  • low spirits idem, page 502.
  • melancholy idem, page 524.
  • misery idem, page 534.
  • mournfulness idem, page 544.
  • oppression idem, page 577.
  • sadness idem, page 730.
  • sorrowfulness idem, page 795.
  • tearfulness idem, page 859.
  • unhappiness idem, page 920.
  • woefulness idem, page 986.
  • wretchedness idem, page 993.

---

Greek

Etymology

From the Ancient Greek δῠσθῡμῐ́ᾱ (dusthūmíā, “despondency”, “despair”), from δῠσ- (dus-, “bad”, “hard”, “unfortunate”) + θῡμός (thūmós, “temper”, “disposition”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ðis.θiˈmi.a/
• Hyphenation: δυ‧σθυ‧μί‧α
• Old Hyphenation: δυσ‧θυ‧μί‧α

Noun

δυσθυμία • (dysthymía) f (plural δυσθυμίες)

1. dysthymia (tendency to be depressed)

Declension

Declension of δυσθυμία

	singular	plural
nominative	δυσθυμία •	δυσθυμίες •
genitive	δυσθυμίας •	δυσθυμιών •
accusative	δυσθυμία •	δυσθυμίες •
vocative	δυσθυμία •	δυσθυμίες •

Synonyms

• ακεφιά f (akefiá, “low spirits”)

Antonyms

• ευθυμία f (efthymía, “cheerfulness”)
• κέφι n (kéfi, “high spirits”)

Related terms

• ευθυμώ (efthymó, “I am happy”) and derivatives
• δύσθυμος (dýsthymos, “moody”)