κέρας

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂-; see there for more.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ké.ras/ → /ˈce.ras/ → /ˈce.ras/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ké.ras/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈke.ras/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈce.ras/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈce.ras/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈce.ras/

Noun

κέρας • (kéras) n (genitive κέρᾱτος or κέρᾰος or κέρως); third declension

1. horn (of an animal)
2. horn as a material, or anything made of horn, such as a bow.
3. (music) horn (musical instrument)
4. arm or branch of a river

Inflection

κέρᾰς (kéras) was sometimes declined using the stem κέρᾰτ- (kérat-) and sometimes the stem κέρᾰ- (kéra-). Both are shown below.

Third declension of τὸ κέρᾰς; τοῦ κέρᾱτος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ κέρᾰς tò kéras	τὼ κέρᾱτε tṑ kérāte	τᾰ̀ κέρᾱτᾰ tà kérāta
Genitive	τοῦ κέρᾱτος toû kérātos	τοῖν κερᾱ́τοιν toîn kerā́toin	τῶν κερᾱ́των tôn kerā́tōn
Dative	τῷ κέρᾱτῐ tôi kérāti	τοῖν κερᾱ́τοιν toîn kerā́toin	τοῖς κέρᾱσῐ / κέρᾱσῐν toîs kérāsi(n)
Accusative	τὸ κέρᾰς tò kéras	τὼ κέρᾱτε tṑ kérāte	τᾰ̀ κέρᾱτᾰ tà kérāta
Vocative	κέρᾰς kéras	κέρᾱτε kérāte	κέρᾱτᾰ kérāta
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension. Nominative singular -ς (-s) arose by reduction of the original cluster *-ts.

Third declension of τὸ κέρᾰς; τοῦ κέρᾰος (contracted, Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ κέρᾰς tò kéras	τὼ κέρᾰε tṑ kérae	τᾰ̀ κέρᾰᾰ tà kéraa
Genitive	τοῦ κέρᾰος toû kéraos	τοῖν κερᾰ́οιν toîn keráoin	τῶν κερᾰ́ων tôn keráōn
Dative	τῷ κέρᾰῐ̈ tôi kéraï	τοῖν κερᾰ́οιν toîn keráoin	τοῖς κέρᾰσῐ / κέρᾰσῐν toîs kérasi(n)
Accusative	τὸ κέρᾰς tò kéras	τὼ κέρᾰε tṑ kérae	τᾰ̀ κέρᾰᾰ tà kéraa
Vocative	κέρᾰς kéras	κέρᾰε kérae	κέρᾰᾰ kéraa
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• αἰγόκερᾰς (aigókeras)
• βούκερᾰς (boúkeras)
• κεράτινος (kerátinos)
• κεράτιον (kerátion)
• μονόκερως (monókerōs)
• ῥινόκερως (rhinókerōs)

 

References

• “κέρας”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “κέρας”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “κέρας”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• κέρας in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• κέρας in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• “κέρας”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• G2768 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• κέρας in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • antler idem, page 32.
  • arm idem, page 40.
  • bend idem, page 73.
  • branch idem, page 93.
  • bugle idem, page 103.
  • column idem, page 144.
  • flank idem, page 325.
  • fork idem, page 338.
  • horn idem, page 406.
  • reach idem, page 675.
  • wing idem, page 981.

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Greek

Noun

κέρας • (kéras) n (plural κέρατα)

1. (anatomy) horn
2. (music) horn (wind instrument)

Declension

Declension of κέρας

	singular	plural
nominative	κέρας •	κέρατα •
genitive	κέρατος •	κεράτων •
accusative	κέρας •	κέρατα •
vocative	κέρας •	κέρατα •

Related terms

• κέρατο n (kérato, “horn”)
• κερατίνη f (keratíni, “keratin”)
• κερατάς m (keratás, “cuckold”)
• κέρας της Αμάλθειας n (kéras tis Amáltheias, “cornucopia, horn of plenty”)

Further reading

• κέρας on the Greek Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^el