λάρυγξ

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Connected to Latin lurcō (“to eat greedily, guzzle”) and Middle High German slurc (“throat”) by Pokorny, possibly reshaped according to φᾰ́ρῠγξ (phắrŭnx, “throat; pharynx”). Pre-Greek according to Beekes, due to the prenasalized suffix -υγγ-.

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /lá.ryŋks/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈla.ryŋks/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈla.ryŋks/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈla.ryŋks/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈla.riŋks/

Noun

λᾰ́ρῠγξ • (lắrŭnx) m (genitive λᾰ́ρῠγγος or λᾰ́ρῠγος); third declension

larynx, upper part of windpipe
gullet, throat

Inflection

Third declension of ὁ λᾰ́ρῠγξ; τοῦ λᾰ́ρῠγγος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ λᾰ́ρῠγξ ho lắrŭnx	τὼ λᾰ́ρῠγγε tṑ lắrŭnge	οἱ λᾰ́ρῠγγες hoi lắrŭnges
Genitive	τοῦ λᾰ́ρῠγγος toû lắrŭngos	τοῖν λᾰρῠ́γγοιν toîn lărŭ́ngoin	τῶν λᾰρῠ́γγων tôn lărŭ́ngōn
Dative	τῷ λᾰ́ρῠγγῐ tôi lắrŭngĭ	τοῖν λᾰρῠ́γγοιν toîn lărŭ́ngoin	τοῖς λᾰ́ρῠγξῐ / λᾰ́ρῠγξῐν toîs lắrŭnxĭ(n)
Accusative	τὸν λᾰ́ρῠγγᾰ tòn lắrŭngă	τὼ λᾰ́ρῠγγε tṑ lắrŭnge	τοὺς λᾰ́ρῠγγᾰς toùs lắrŭngăs
Vocative	λᾰ́ρῠγξ lắrŭnx	λᾰ́ρῠγγε lắrŭnge	λᾰ́ρῠγγες lắrŭnges
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Third declension of ὁ λᾰ́ρῠγξ; τοῦ λᾰ́ρῠγος (rare, Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ λᾰ́ρῠγξ ho lắrŭnx	τὼ λᾰ́ρῠγε tṑ lắrŭge	οἱ λᾰ́ρῠγες hoi lắrŭges
Genitive	τοῦ λᾰ́ρῠγος toû lắrŭgos	τοῖν λᾰρῠ́γοιν toîn lărŭ́goin	τῶν λᾰρῠ́γων tôn lărŭ́gōn
Dative	τῷ λᾰ́ρῠγῐ tôi lắrŭgĭ	τοῖν λᾰρῠ́γοιν toîn lărŭ́goin	τοῖς λᾰ́ρῠξῐ / λᾰ́ρῠξῐν toîs lắrŭxĭ(n)
Accusative	τὸν λᾰ́ρῠγᾰ tòn lắrŭgă	τὼ λᾰ́ρῠγε tṑ lắrŭge	τοὺς λᾰ́ρῠγᾰς toùs lắrŭgăs
Vocative	λᾰ́ρῠγξ lắrŭnx	λᾰ́ρῠγε lắrŭge	λᾰ́ρῠγες lắrŭges
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

βδελλολᾰ́ρῠγξ (bdellolắrŭnx)
λᾰρῠγγῐᾰ́ω (lărŭngĭắō)
λᾰρῠγγῐ́ζω (lărŭngĭ́zō)
λᾰρῠγγῐκός (lărŭngĭkós)
λᾰρῠ́γγῐον (lărŭ́ngĭon)
λᾰρῠγγός (lărŭngós)
λᾰρῠγγοτομέω (lărŭngotoméō)
λᾰρῠγγόφωνος (lărŭngóphōnos)

Related terms

λᾰρῠγγισμός (lărŭngismós)

Descendants

Greek: λάρυγγας (láryngas), λαρύγγι (larýngi)
→ Italian: laringe
→ Latin: larynx
- → English: larynx
- → French: larynx

References

“λάρυγξ”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- gullet idem, page 379.
- larynx idem, page 477.
- trachea idem, page 885.
- windpipe idem, page 981.
λάρυγξ in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
“λάρυγξ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
Pokorny, Julius (1949–1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch. Bern, p. 965f.
G2995 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN