μάραθον

See also: Μαραθών

Ancient Greek

μάραθον illustration in the Vienna Dioscurides

Alternative forms

• μάραθρον (márathron)

Etymology

Probably a Pre-Greek loan of foreign origin. Compare Albanian maraj.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /má.ra.tʰon/ → /ˈma.ra.θon/ → /ˈma.ra.θon/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /má.ra.tʰon/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈma.ra.tʰon/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈma.ra.θon/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈma.ra.θon/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈma.ra.θon/

Noun

μᾰ́ρᾰθον • (márathon) n (genitive μᾰρᾰ́θου); second declension

1. fennel

Inflection

Second declension of τὸ μᾰ́ρᾰθον; τοῦ μᾰρᾰ́θου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ μᾰ́ρᾰθον tò márathon	τὼ μᾰρᾰ́θω tṑ maráthō	τᾰ̀ μᾰ́ρᾰθᾰ tà máratha
Genitive	τοῦ μᾰρᾰ́θου toû maráthou	τοῖν μᾰρᾰ́θοιν toîn maráthoin	τῶν μᾰρᾰ́θων tôn maráthōn
Dative	τῷ μᾰρᾰ́θῳ tôi maráthōi	τοῖν μᾰρᾰ́θοιν toîn maráthoin	τοῖς μᾰρᾰ́θοις toîs maráthois
Accusative	τὸ μᾰ́ρᾰθον tò márathon	τὼ μᾰρᾰ́θω tṑ maráthō	τᾰ̀ μᾰ́ρᾰθᾰ tà máratha
Vocative	μᾰ́ρᾰθον márathon	μᾰρᾰ́θω maráthō	μᾰ́ρᾰθᾰ máratha
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension. The Greek Word Study Tool at Perseus gives μαραθών as the genitive plural

Derived terms

• ἱππομάραθον (hippomárathon)
• Μαραθών (Marathṓn) (unless folk etymology)

Descendants

• →? Proto-Albanian:
  • Albanian: maraj
• → Latin: marathrum, marathum, maratum
  • >? Romanian: mărar
  • →? Old Church Slavonic: молотрь (molotrĭ)
  • >? Dalmatian:
    • → Serbo-Croatian: mȍtar (“sea fennel”)

Further reading

• “μάραθον”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “μάραθον”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• μάραθον in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • fennel idem, page 315.