ворогъ

Old East Slavic

FWOTD – 20 June 2014

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *vorgъ (“enemy, foe”). Doublet of врагъ (vragŭ).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈvoroɡŭ/

Noun

ворогъ (vorogŭ) m

1. an enemy, foe
   • 1377, Лаврентьевская летопись (Laurentian Codex), the Primary Chronicle, s.a. 6603 (1095):

     […] се тꙑ не шелъ ѥси с нама на поганꙑꙗ . иже погубили суть землю Русьскую . а се у тобе есть Итларевичь . любо убии любо и даи нама . то есть ворогъ Русьстѣи земли.

     […] se ty ne šelŭ jesi s nama na poganyja . iže pogubili sutĭ zemlju Rusĭskuju . a se u tobe estĭ Itlarevičĭ . ljubo ubii ljubo i dai nama . to estĭ vorogŭ Rusĭstěi zemli.

     […] you did not fight with us against the pagans that destroyed the land of the Rus, while you keep the son of Itlar - either kill him or give him to us, for he is the enemy of Rus.

Declension

Declension of ворогъ (hard o-stem)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ворогворозъ vorogvorozŭ	ворогвороза vorogvoroza	ворогворози vorogvorozi
Genitive	ворогвороза vorogvoroza	ворогворозу vorogvorozu	ворогворозъ vorogvorozŭ
Dative	ворогворозу vorogvorozu	ворогворозома vorogvorozoma	ворогворозомъ vorogvorozomŭ
Accusative	ворогворозъ vorogvorozŭ	ворогвороза vorogvoroza	ворогворозꙑ vorogvorozy
Instrumental	ворогворозъмь vorogvorozŭmĭ	ворогворозома vorogvorozoma	ворогворозꙑ vorogvorozy
Locative	ворогворозѣ vorogvorozě	ворогворозу vorogvorozu	ворогворозѣхъ vorogvorozěxŭ
Vocative	ворогворозе vorogvoroze	ворогвороза vorogvoroza	ворогворози vorogvorozi

Derived terms

• ворожьбитъ (vorožĭbitŭ, “enemy”)
• ворожьда (vorožĭda, “enmity”)
• ворожьство (vorožĭstvo, “hostility”)

Related terms

• ворожа (voroža, “enchantment”)
• ворожениѥ (voroženije, “augury, enchanting”)

• ворожеꙗ (vorožeja, “enchantress”)
• ворожити (vorožiti, “to augur, enchant”)

Descendants

• Belarusian: вораг (vórah)
• Russian: ворог (vorog) (poetic)
• Carpathian Rusyn: ворог (voroh)
• Ukrainian: ворог (voroh)

References

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Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1893–1912) “ворогъ”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments]‎^[1] (in Russian), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences