Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vorgъ
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Proto-Slavic
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Balto-Slavic *wargás (“foe, enemy”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *Hwergʰ- (“to commit a crime”).
Noun
[edit]Inflection
[edit]Declension of *vȏrgъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm c)
singular | dual | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | *vȏrgъ | *vȏrga | *vȏrdzi |
genitive | *vȏrga | *vorgù | *võrgъ |
dative | *vȏrgu | *vorgomà | *vorgòmъ |
accusative | *vȏrgъ | *vȏrga | *vȏrgy |
instrumental | *vȏrgъmь, *vȏrgomь* | *vorgomà | *vorgý |
locative | *vȏrdzě | *vorgù | *vordzě̃xъ |
vocative | *vorže | *vȏrga | *vȏrdzi |
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.
Derived terms
[edit]- *vorgovati (“to be in hostile relation”)
- *voržьda (“animosity”)
- *voržьjь (“hostile”)
Related terms
[edit]- *voržati (“to ambush; to curse”)
- *voržařь (“evil sorcerer”)
- *voržiti (“to cheat, to deceive”)
- *vьrčěti (“to grumble, to utter”)
- *vorčь (“fortune-teller”)
Descendants
[edit]- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Bulgarian: враг (vrag)
- Macedonian: враг (vrag)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Slovene: vrȃg (tonal orthography)
- West Slavic:
Further reading
[edit]- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “ворог”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “ворожить”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “враг¹”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 177
Etymology 2
[edit]Presumably o-grade of Proto-Slavic *vergti (“to roll; to throw”), from Proto-Indo-European *werg- (“to turn”) or *wergʷ- (“to cast”). Alternatively reconstructed as Proto-Slavic *vьragъ, akin to Proto-Slavic *vьrěti (“to spring”).
Noun
[edit]*vòrgъ m
Inflection
[edit]Declension of *vorgъ (hard o-stem)
singular | dual | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | *vorgъ | *vorga | *vordzi |
genitive | *vorga | *vorgu | *vorgъ |
dative | *vorgu | *vorgoma | *vorgomъ |
accusative | *vorgъ | *vorga | *vorgy |
instrumental | *vorgъmь, *vorgomь* | *vorgoma | *vorgy |
locative | *vordzě | *vorgu | *vordzěxъ |
vocative | *vorže | *vorga | *vordzi |
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- Non-Slavic:
- → Aromanian: vrag (“furrow”)
Further reading
[edit]- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “овраг”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “враг²”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 178
References
[edit]- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*vȏrgъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 527: “m. o (c) ‘foe’”
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “vorgъ vorga”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “cb (PR 134); (SA 70, 167; PR 137); d (RPT 105)”
- ^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “vrȃg”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*vȏrgъ”
- ^ Kapović, Mate (2007) “The Development of Proto-Slavic Quantity”, in Wiener Slavistisches Jahrbuch[2], University of Vienna, page 6: “*vȏrgъ”
Categories:
- Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Proto-Slavic lemmas
- Proto-Slavic nouns
- Proto-Slavic masculine nouns
- Proto-Slavic hard o-stem nouns
- Proto-Slavic hard masculine o-stem nouns
- Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm c