лѧхъ

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Old East Slavic

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Etymology

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From Proto-Slavic *lęxъ.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈlɛ̃xʊ//ˈlʲaxʊ//ˈlʲax/
  • (ca. 9th CE) IPA(key): /ˈlɛ̃xʊ/
  • (ca. 11th CE) IPA(key): /ˈlʲaxʊ/
  • (ca. 13th CE) IPA(key): /ˈlʲax/

    • Hyphenation: лѧ‧хъ

Noun

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лѧхъ (lęxŭm (related adjective лѧдьскъ)

  1. Lechite; Pole
  2. (in the plural) Poland (a country in Europe)
    • 1377, Dmitry of Suzdal, Laurentian Codex[1], page 160:
      ѿтуда пакꙑ на лѣто володимерю ѡпѧть· та посла мѧ с҃тославъ в лѧхꙑ
      otŭtuda paky na lěto volodimerju opętĭ· ta posla mę s:toslavŭ v lęxy
      thence again to Volodimir for the summer; and Svyatoslav sent me to Poland

Declension

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Descendants

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  • Old Ruthenian: лѧхъ (ljax), лєхъ (ljex)
    • Belarusian: лях (ljax)
    • Carpathian Rusyn: Лях (Ljax)
    • Ukrainian: лях (ljax)
    • Czech: Ľach (dialectal)
    • Polish: Lach
    • Romanian: leah
    • Ottoman Turkish: له (leh)
  • Russian: лях (ljax) (see there for further descendants)
  • Old Lithuanian:

Old Ruthenian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Inherited from Old East Slavic лѧхъ (lęxŭ), from Proto-Slavic *lęxъ, from *lęděninъ.[1][2][3][4] Cognate with Russian лях (ljax).

Noun

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лѧхъ (ljaxm pers (nominative plural лѧ́хи or лѧ́хы)

  1. Pole, Polish man, Polack
    Synonym: полѧ́къ (polják)
  2. (in the plural) Polish people
  3. (in the plural) Poland (a country in Europe); Rzeczpospolita, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
  4. (in the plural) Polish army

Derived terms

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Descendants

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References

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  1. ^ Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1988), “*lęxъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 15 (*lětina – *lokačь), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 57
  2. ^ Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1989), “лях”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 3 (Кора – М), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, →ISBN, page 343
  3. ^ Rudnyc'kyj, Ja. (1972–1982) “лях”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language, volumes 2 (Д – Ь), Ottawa: Ukrainian Mohylo-Mazepian Academy of Sciences; Ukrainian Language Association, →LCCN, page 788:MUk. ляхъ (1736)
  4. ^ The template Template:R:be:ESBM does not use the parameter(s):
    url=liach
    Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.
    Martynaŭ, V. U., editor (1990), “лях₁”, in Этымалагічны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Etymological Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), volumes 6 (лі́ра – мая́чыць), Minsk: Navuka i technika, page 144

Further reading

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  • Hrynchyshyn, D. H., editor (1977), “лѧх; *лѧхы”, in Словник староукраїнської мови XIV–XV ст. [Dictionary of the Old Ukrainian Language of the 14ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ cc.] (in Ukrainian), volume 1 (А – М), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 569
  • The template Template:R:zle-obe:HSBM does not use the parameter(s):
    url=lyakh
    Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.
    Bulyka, A. M., editor (1998), “ляхъ, лехъ”, in Гістарычны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Historical Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), numbers 17 (лесничий – местский), Minsk: Belaruskaia navuka, →ISBN, page 211
  • Chikalo, M. I., editor (2013), “ляхъ, лехъ, ліахъ, лѧхъ”, in Словник української мови XVI – I пол. XVII ст. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: 16ᵗʰ – 1ˢᵗ half of 17ᵗʰ c.] (in Ukrainian), numbers 16 (легкомыслность – лѧчи), Lviv: KIUS, →ISBN, page 196