dagesh, used to denote a geminated consonant (dagesh khazak or dagesh forte), or a consonant pronounced as a plosive as opposed to as a fricative (dagesh kal or dagesh lene).
mappiq or mapiq, used to indicate that the letters ה or א are to be pronounced as consonants in positions where they usually indicate a vowel.
shuruk sign, used with ו to indicate the long u vowel sound.
