תפוח

Hebrew

Etymology

Root
נ־פ־ח (n-p-kh)
6 terms

Root
ת־פ־ח (t-p-kh)
3 terms

Uncertain; if derived from a verbal root then either named after its scent and deriving from the root נָפַח (nafákh, “to blow, to scent”) (see Song of Songs 7:9 below, where apples are praised for their pleasant fragrance), or alternatively from תָּפַח (tafákh, “to swell, i.e. to become round”), which is based on the round shape of an apple. Cognates include Arabic تُفَّاح (tuffāḥ) and Ugaritic 𐎚𐎔𐎈 (tpḥ); the word is not attested in Aramaic.

Pronunciation

(Tiberian Hebrew) IPA^(key): [taˈpːuːwaħ]
(Modern Israeli Hebrew) IPA^(key): /taˈpuaχ/
Audio: (file)

Noun

תַּפּוּחַ • (tapúakh) m (plural indefinite תַּפּוּחִים, singular construct תַּפּוּחַ־, plural construct תַּפּוּחֵי־)

apple
- Tanach, Song of Songs 7:9, with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:
  אָמַרְתִּי אֶעֱלֶה בְתָמָר אֹחֲזָה בְּסַנְסִנָּיו וְיִהְיוּ־נָא שָׁדַיִךְ כְּאֶשְׁכְּלוֹת הַגֶּפֶן וְרֵיחַ אַפֵּךְ כַּתַּפּוּחִים׃
  I said: ‘I will climb up into the palm-tree, I will take hold of the branches thereof; and let thy breasts be as clusters of the vine, And the smell of thy countenance [i.e. breath] like apples;
apple tree, tree of the genus Malus.
- Tanach, Song of Songs 2:3, with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:
  כְּתַפּוּחַ בַּעֲצֵי הַיַּעַר כֵּן דּוֹדִי בֵּין הַבָּנִים בְּצִלּוֹ חִמַּדְתִּי וְיָשַׁבְתִּי וּפִרְיוֹ מָתוֹק לְחִכִּי׃
  As an apple-tree among the trees of the wood, So is my beloved among the sons. Under its shadow I delighted to sit, And its fruit was sweet to my taste.

Declension

Declension of תַּפּוּחַ
	isolated forms		with possessive pronouns
Number:	State:	form	Person:	singular		plural
Number:	State:	form	Person:	m	f	m	f
singular	indefinite	תַּפּוּחַ	first	תַּפּוּחִי		תַּפּוּחֵנוּ
	definite	הַתַּפּוּחַ	second	תַּפּוּחֲךָ	תַּפּוּחֵךְ	תַּפּוּחֲכֶם	תַּפּוּחֲכֶן
	construct	תַּפּוּחַ־	third	תַּפּוּחוֹ	תַּפּוּחָהּ	תַּפּוּחָם	תַּפּוּחָן
plural	indefinite	תַּפּוּחִים	first	תפוחיי / תַּפּוּחַי		תַּפּוּחֵינוּ
	definite	הַתַּפּוּחִים	second	תַּפּוּחֶיךָ	תפוחייך / תַּפּוּחַיִךְ	תַּפּוּחֵיכֶם	תַּפּוּחֵיכֶן
	construct	תַּפּוּחֵי־	third	תַּפּוּחָיו	תַּפּוּחֶיהָ	תַּפּוּחֵיהֶם	תַּפּוּחֵיהֶן

Synonyms

תַּפּוּחַ עֵץ (tapúakh éts)

Derived terms

תַּפּוּז (tapúz, “orange”)
תַּפּוּחַ אֲדָמָה (tapúakh adamá, “potato”)

References

H8598 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
Klein, Ernest (1987) “תַּפּוּחַ”, in A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Hebrew Language for Readers of English‎^[1], Jerusalem: Carta, →ISBN, page 712a
“תפוח” in the Hebrew Terms Database of the Academy of Hebrew Language
Jastrow, Marcus (1903) A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature‎^[2], London, New York: Luzac & Co., G.P. Putnam's Sons, page 1685a
Löw, Immanuel (1924) Die Flora der Juden‎^[3] (in German), volume 3, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, pages 212–235
Löw, Immanuel (1881) Aramæische Pflanzennamen‎^[4] (in German), Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann, →DOI, pages 155–156

Anagrams