أشق
Arabic
Etymology 1
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb
Verb
Etymology 2
From the root ش ق ق (š-q-q).
Adjective
أَشَقّ • (ʔašaqq)
- Template:elative of; toughest, most wearisome
Declension
Singular | Masculine | Feminine | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
basic singular diptote | singular invariable | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Informal | أَشَقّ ʔašaqq |
الْأَشَقّ al-ʔašaqq |
شُقّى šuqqā |
الشُّقّى aš-šuqqā |
Nominative | أَشَقُّ ʔašaqqu |
الْأَشَقُّ al-ʔašaqqu |
شُقّى šuqqā |
الشُّقّى aš-šuqqā |
Accusative | أَشَقَّ ʔašaqqa |
الْأَشَقَّ al-ʔašaqqa |
شُقّى šuqqā |
الشُّقّى aš-šuqqā |
Genitive | أَشَقَّ ʔašaqqa |
الْأَشَقِّ al-ʔašaqqi |
شُقّى šuqqā |
الشُّقّى aš-šuqqā |
Dual | Masculine | Feminine | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Informal | أَشَقَّيْن ʔašaqqayn |
الْأَشَقَّيْن al-ʔašaqqayn |
شُقَّيَيْن šuqqayayn |
الشُّقَّيَيْن aš-šuqqayayn |
Nominative | أَشَقَّانِ ʔašaqqāni |
الْأَشَقَّانِ al-ʔašaqqāni |
شُقَّيَانِ šuqqayāni |
الشُّقَّيَانِ aš-šuqqayāni |
Accusative | أَشَقَّيْنِ ʔašaqqayni |
الْأَشَقَّيْنِ al-ʔašaqqayni |
شُقَّيَيْنِ šuqqayayni |
الشُّقَّيَيْنِ aš-šuqqayayni |
Genitive | أَشَقَّيْنِ ʔašaqqayni |
الْأَشَقَّيْنِ al-ʔašaqqayni |
شُقَّيَيْنِ šuqqayayni |
الشُّقَّيَيْنِ aš-šuqqayayni |
Plural | Masculine | Feminine | ||
plural unknown | sound feminine plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Informal | ? ? |
? ? |
شُقَّيَات šuqqayāt |
الشُّقَّيَات aš-šuqqayāt |
Nominative | ? ? |
? ? |
شُقَّيَاتٌ šuqqayātun |
الشُّقَّيَاتُ aš-šuqqayātu |
Accusative | ? ? |
? ? |
شُقَّيَاتٍ šuqqayātin |
الشُّقَّيَاتِ aš-šuqqayāti |
Genitive | ? ? |
? ? |
شُقَّيَاتٍ šuqqayātin |
الشُّقَّيَاتِ aš-šuqqayāti |
Adjective
أَشَقّ • (ʔašaqq) (feminine شَقَّاء (šaqqāʔ), masculine plural شُقّ (šuqq))
- of inclinated gait in such a manner that a gap is left between the legs, long-footed
Declension
Singular | Masculine | Feminine | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
basic singular diptote | basic singular diptote | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Informal | أَشَقّ ʔašaqq |
الْأَشَقّ al-ʔašaqq |
شَقَّاء šaqqāʔ |
الشَّقَّاء aš-šaqqāʔ |
Nominative | أَشَقُّ ʔašaqqu |
الْأَشَقُّ al-ʔašaqqu |
شَقَّاءُ šaqqāʔu |
الشَّقَّاءُ aš-šaqqāʔu |
Accusative | أَشَقَّ ʔašaqqa |
الْأَشَقَّ al-ʔašaqqa |
شَقَّاءَ šaqqāʔa |
الشَّقَّاءَ aš-šaqqāʔa |
Genitive | أَشَقَّ ʔašaqqa |
الْأَشَقِّ al-ʔašaqqi |
شَقَّاءَ šaqqāʔa |
الشَّقَّاءِ aš-šaqqāʔi |
Dual | Masculine | Feminine | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Informal | أَشَقَّيْن ʔašaqqayn |
الْأَشَقَّيْن al-ʔašaqqayn |
شَقَّاءَيْن šaqqāʔayn |
الشَّقَّاءَيْن aš-šaqqāʔayn |
Nominative | أَشَقَّانِ ʔašaqqāni |
الْأَشَقَّانِ al-ʔašaqqāni |
شَقَّاءَانِ šaqqāʔāni |
الشَّقَّاءَانِ aš-šaqqāʔāni |
Accusative | أَشَقَّيْنِ ʔašaqqayni |
الْأَشَقَّيْنِ al-ʔašaqqayni |
شَقَّاءَيْنِ šaqqāʔayni |
الشَّقَّاءَيْنِ aš-šaqqāʔayni |
Genitive | أَشَقَّيْنِ ʔašaqqayni |
الْأَشَقَّيْنِ al-ʔašaqqayni |
شَقَّاءَيْنِ šaqqāʔayni |
الشَّقَّاءَيْنِ aš-šaqqāʔayni |
Plural | Masculine | Feminine | ||
basic broken plural triptote | basic broken plural triptote | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Informal | شُقّ šuqq |
الشُّقّ aš-šuqq |
شُقّ šuqq |
الشُّقّ aš-šuqq |
Nominative | شُقٌّ šuqqun |
الشُّقُّ aš-šuqqu |
شُقٌّ šuqqun |
الشُّقُّ aš-šuqqu |
Accusative | شُقًّا šuqqan |
الشُّقَّ aš-šuqqa |
شُقًّا šuqqan |
الشُّقَّ aš-šuqqa |
Genitive | شُقٍّ šuqqin |
الشُّقِّ aš-šuqqi |
شُقٍّ šuqqin |
الشُّقِّ aš-šuqqi |
Etymology 3
From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (wšʾq /wašaq/), [Book Pahlavi needed] (wšq /wašaq/), attested at least thrice in Book Pahlavi and once in Classical Syriac ܘܣܩܐ (wasqā), once in Classical Mandaic ࡀࡅࡎࡒࡀ (wasqā),[1] denoting in each case a kind of ceremonial drink employed by Zoroastrians in place of wine, which matches gum ammoniac as this was employed in antiquity for its emollient, swelling-atoning and limb-pain-relieving effect,[2] and apparently the drink was called after ammoniacum it was composed of,[1] as the later Classical Persian وشه (wuša) and اشه (uša) and the Arabic are known to mean gum ammoniac, and one finds a Byzantine Greek οὐσάκ (ousák) glossed as ammoniacum.[3]
The measure of the Arabic word is also KaLaM, not only KuLLaM.
Alternative forms
Noun
أُشَّق • (ʔuššaq) m
- Ferula marmarica (in Africa)
- Ferula ammoniacum syn. Dorema ammoniacum (in Eastern Iran, Afghanistan, Turkistan)
- Ferula aucheri syn. Dorema aucheri (in Western Persia)
- gum ammoniac, ammoniacum, obtained from the said plants
Declension
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | أُشَّق ʔuššaq |
الْأُشَّق al-ʔuššaq |
أُشَّق ʔuššaq |
Nominative | أُشَّقٌ ʔuššaqun |
الْأُشَّقُ al-ʔuššaqu |
أُشَّقُ ʔuššaqu |
Accusative | أُشَّقًا ʔuššaqan |
الْأُشَّقَ al-ʔuššaqa |
أُشَّقَ ʔuššaqa |
Genitive | أُشَّقٍ ʔuššaqin |
الْأُشَّقِ al-ʔuššaqi |
أُشَّقِ ʔuššaqi |
Descendants
- → Middle Armenian: օշակ (ōšak), օշախ (ōšax), օշաղ (ōšaġ)
- → Medieval Latin: alasach, alaſach (Spain, emended from aſaſach)[4]
- → Old Spanish: alguaxaque, aluaxaque, aluahasaque, aluasaque, alguaxac, arguaxaque
- → Classical Syriac: ܐܘܫܩ (ʾawšāq)[1][3][5]
Further reading
- Freytag, Georg (1830) “أشق”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum[4] (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 38
- Freytag, Georg (1833) “أشق”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum[5] (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 437
- Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “أشق”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary[6], London: W.H. Allen, page 46
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Henning, Walter Bruno (1955) “The Middle-Persian Word for ‘Beer’”, in Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, volume 17, number 3, , pages 603–604
- ^ See for example Lua error in Module:quote at line 2959: Parameter 1 is not used by this template. which probably related to Ferula tingitana however Dorema ammoniacum was used the same by the Hellenes and the Arabic translators of Greek identified the former with the latter – so also Steiger, Arnald (1960) “Voces de origen oriental contenidas en el Tesoro lexicográfico de Samuel Gili Gaya”, in Revista de Filología Española[1] (in Spanish), volume 43, numbers 1.o–2.o, , page 56.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Löw, Immanuel (1924) Die Flora der Juden[2] (in German), volume 3, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, page 457
- ^ Steiger, Arnald (1960) “Voces de origen oriental contenidas en el Tesoro lexicográfico de Samuel Gili Gaya”, in Revista de Filología Española[3] (in Spanish), volume 43, numbers 1.o–2.o, , page 56
- ^ “ˀwšq”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
- Arabic non-lemma forms
- Arabic verb forms
- Arabic terms belonging to the root ش ق ق
- Arabic lemmas
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- Arabic adjectives with basic diptote singular
- Arabic adjectives with invariable singular
- Arabic adjectives with unknown plural
- Arabic adjectives with sound feminine plural
- Arabic adjectives with broken plural
- Arabic adjectives with basic triptote broken plural
- Arabic terms borrowed from Middle Persian
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- Arabic nouns
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- ar:Celery family plants
- ar:Gums and resins