برباريس

Arabic

بَرْبَارِيس

Alternative forms

• بَارْبَرِيس (bārbarīs), بَرْبَارِس (barbāris), أَنْبَرْبَارِيس (ʔanbarbārīs), أَمِير بَارِيس (ʔamīr bārīs), أَمِير بَارِس (ʔamīr bāris)

Etymology

This form is considered a reborrowing from Medieval Latin berberis, barberis (“barberry”), and the Latin, originating in Spain, probably renders a reading of *برب ارغيس or *بر ارغيس in an Arabic manuscript about plants and their appellations, representing a siglum for بَرْبَرِيَّة (barbariyya, “Berber language”) (as it is common practice to abbreviate language names in glossaries) and the Berber name of the barberry أَرْغِيس (ʾarḡīs, “barberry”), which also passed via Andalusian Arabic into the colloquial Romance as Spanish alarguez (“barberry”).
Various distortions have taken place in variants represented by Latin amberberis, emiberberis, amiberberis, ami berberis, amyrberberis, containing Latin ami from Ancient Greek ἄμι (ámi), the Arabic article, perhaps a Berber prefix, Persian انبار (ambâr, present stem of various verbs) and Arabic أَمِير (ʔamīr, “prince”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bar.baː.riːs/

Noun

بَرْبَارِيس • (barbārīs) m

1. barberry (Berberis gen. et spp.)
   • (Can we find and add a quotation of Abū Ḥanīfa ad-Dīnawarī to this entry?)
   • 1025, ابن سينا (Avicenna), القانون في الطب‎ [Canon Medicinae], Rome: Stamperia Orientale Medicea, published 1593, Liber 2, page 131:
   • c. 1200, يحيى بن محمد بن أحمد بن العوام [yaḥyā ibn muḥammad ibn ʔaḥmad ibn al-ʕawwām], edited by José Antonio Banqueri, كتاب الفلاحة [Book on Agriculture], volume 1, Madrid: Imprenta Real, published 1802^IA, Cap. 13, page 575:

     إن لم ينجع هذا قشق في أصلها تحت الأرض في ثلاثة مواضع منه بمنقار واضرب فيه دسائر من البقص أو من الجلنار أو من البرباريس

     If this does not succeed then reave the stem under the earth on three places with a hack and hit pegs of box, pomegranate or barberry into it.

   Synonym: زَرَّشْك (zarrašk)

Declension

Declension of noun بَرْبَارِيس (barbārīs)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	بَرْبَارِيس barbārīs	الْبَرْبَارِيس al-barbārīs	بَرْبَارِيس barbārīs
Nominative	بَرْبَارِيسٌ barbārīsun	الْبَرْبَارِيسُ al-barbārīsu	بَرْبَارِيسُ barbārīsu
Accusative	بَرْبَارِيسًا barbārīsan	الْبَرْبَارِيسَ al-barbārīsa	بَرْبَارِيسَ barbārīsa
Genitive	بَرْبَارِيسٍ barbārīsin	الْبَرْبَارِيسِ al-barbārīsi	بَرْبَارِيسِ barbārīsi

Descendants

• → Persian: برباریس (barbâris), بربریس (barbaris), انبر باریس (anbar bâris), انبرباریس (anbarbâris), امبر باریس (ambar bâris), امبرباریس (ambarbâris)
  • → Classical Syriac: ܐܡܒܪܒܪܝܣ (ʾmbrbrys, “barberry juice”)

References

• Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “برباریس”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press
• “ˀmbrbrys”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–