رقیب

See also: رقيب

Ottoman Turkish

Alternative forms

• րագիպ (rakib) — Armeno-Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian رقیب (raqīb, “rival, competitor”), from Arabic رَقِيب (raqīb, “watchman, guard, sentry”).

Noun

رقیب • (rakib) (feminine رقیبه (rakibe), definite accusative رقیبی (rakibi), plural رقبا (rukaba))

1. rival, competitor, opponent, contender, adversary, a person or organization against whom one is competing

Declension

Declension of رقیب (rakib)

singular plural nominative رقیب (rakib) رقبا (rukaba) definite accusative رقیبی (rakibi) رقبایی (rukabayı) dative رقیبه (rakibe) رقبایه (rukabaya) locative رقیبده (rakibde) رقباده (rukabada) ablative رقیبدن (rakibden) رقبادن (rukabadan) genitive رقیبك (rakibiñ) رقبانك (rukabanıñ) Possessive forms 1st person singular singular plural nominative رقیبم (rakibim) رقبام (rukabam) definite accusative رقیبمی (rakibimi) رقبامی (rukabamı) dative رقیبمه (rakibime) رقبامه (rukabama) locative رقیبمده (rakibimde) رقبامده (rukabamda) ablative رقیبمدن (rakibimden) رقبامدن (rukabamdan) genitive رقیبمك (rakibimiñ) رقبامك (rukabamıñ) 2nd person singular singular plural nominative رقیبك (rakibiñ) رقباك (rukabañ) definite accusative رقیبكی (rakibiñi) رقباكی (rukabañı) dative رقیبكه (rakibiñe) رقباكه (rukabaña) locative رقیبكده (rakibiñde) رقباكده (rukabañda) ablative رقیبكدن (rakibiñden) رقباكدن (rukabañdan) genitive رقیبكك (rakibiñiñ) رقباكك (rukabañıñ) 3rd person singular singular plural nominative رقیبی (rakibi) رقباسی (rukabası) definite accusative رقیبنی (rakibini) رقباسنی (rukabasını) dative رقیبنه (rakibine) رقباسنه (rukabasına) locative رقیبنده (rakibinde) رقباسنده (rukabasında) ablative رقیبندن (rakibinden) رقباسندن (rukabasından) genitive رقیبنك (rakibiniñ) رقباسنك (rukabasınıñ) 1st person plural singular plural nominative رقیبمز (rakibimiz) رقبامز (rukabamız) definite accusative رقیبمزی (rakibimizi) رقبامزی (rukabamızı) dative رقیبمزه (rakibimize) رقبامزه (rukabamıza) locative رقیبمزده (rakibimizde) رقبامزده (rukabamızda) ablative رقیبمزدن (rakibimizden) رقبامزدن (rukabamızdan) genitive رقیبمزك (rakibimiziñ) رقبامزك (rukabamızıñ) 2nd person plural singular plural nominative رقیبكز (rakibiñiz) رقباكز (rukabañız) definite accusative رقیبكزی (rakibiñizi) رقباكزی (rukabañızı) dative رقیبكزه (rakibiñize) رقباكزه (rukabañıza) locative رقیبكزده (rakibiñizde) رقباكزده (rukabañızda) ablative رقیبكزدن (rakibiñizden) رقباكزدن (rukabañızdan) genitive رقیبكزك (rakibiñiziñ) رقباكزك (rukabañızıñ) 3rd person plural singular plural nominative رقیبلری (rakibleri) رقبالری (rukabaları) definite accusative رقیبلرینی (rakiblerini) رقبالرینی (rukabalarını) dative رقیبلرینه (rakiblerine) رقبالرینه (rukabalarına) locative رقیبلرنده (rakiblerinde) رقبالرنده (rukabalarında) ablative رقیبلرندن (rakiblerinden) رقبالرندن (rukabalarından) genitive رقیبلرینك (rakibleriniñ) رقبالرینك (rukabalarınıñ)

Derived terms

• رقیب اولمق (rakib olmak, “to compete”)

Descendants

• Turkish: rakip

Further reading

click to expand

• Barbier de Meynard, Charles (1886), “رقیب”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, volume II, Paris: E. Leroux, page 22
• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007), “rakip”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 4, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 3935
• Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962), “rakîb”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎ [Ottoman–Turkish Encyclopedic Dictionary]‎^[1] (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 1050
• Kélékian, Diran (1911), “رقیب”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[2] (in French), Constantinople: Mihran, page 626
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687), “Rivalis”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[3], Vienna, columns 1487-1488
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680), “رقیب”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[4], Vienna, column 2351
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “rakip”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890), “رقیب”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[5], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 984

Persian

Etymology

Etymology tree

Arabic رَقَبَ (raqaba)

Arabic رَقِيب (raqīb)bor.

Persian رَقِیب

Borrowed from Arabic رَقِيب (raqīb), from رَقَبَ (raqaba). The semantic shift is already found in medieval poetry: "guardian of the beloved [who prevents the lover from seeing her]" > "rival in love" > "rival, competitor [in general]."

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ra.ˈqiːb/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [rä.qíːb]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [rä.qíːb]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [rä.qíːb]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [rä.qíb̥]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ɹæ.ʁíːb̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ɾä.qíb]

• Rhymes: -iːb

Readings
Classical reading?	raqīb
Dari reading?	raqīb
Iranian reading?	raġib
Tajik reading?	raqib

Noun

رقیب • (raqīb / raġib) (plural رقیبان (raqībān / raġibân), or رقیب‌ها (raqīb-hā / raġib-hâ), or رقبا (ruqabā), Tajik spelling рақиб)

1. watcher
2. rival, competitor, adversary, antagonist
   • c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 98:

     بر رقیبان افکنی هر دم نظر حیف و دریغ
     اینچنین ضایع چه میسازی نگاه خویش را

     bar raqībān afkanī har dam nazar hayf u dirēġ
     īnčunīn zāyi' či mēsāzī nigāh-i xwēš rā

     Every moment, you cast looks at [my] rivals [in love]: such a pity, alas!
     Why do you waste your glances in such a way?

     (Classical Persian transliteration)

3. (archaic, original sense) guardian, keeper

   Synonym: نگهبان (negahbân)

Descendants

• → Azerbaijani: rəqib
• → Georgian: რაყიფი (raq̇ipi)
• → Hindustani:

  Hindi: रक़ीब (raqīb), रकीब (rakīb) — nuqtaless

  Urdu: رَقِیب (raqīb)

• → Ottoman Turkish: رقیب (rakib)
  • Turkish: rakip
• → Turkmen: rakyp

Further reading

• Vullers, Johann August (1856–1864), “رقیب”, in Lexicon Persico-Latinum etymologicum cum linguis maxime cognatis Sanscrita et Zendica et Pehlevica comparatum, e lexicis persice scriptis Borhâni Qâtiu, Haft Qulzum et Bahâri agam et persico-turcico Farhangi-Shuûrî confectum, adhibitis etiam Castelli, Meninski, Richardson et aliorum operibus et auctoritate scriptorum Persicorum adauctum‎^[6] (in Latin), volume II, Gießen: J. Ricker, page 48
• Hayyim, Sulayman (1934), “رقیب”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim
• Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–), “رقیب”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press.

Urdu

Etymology

Etymology tree

Arabic رَقَبَ (raqaba)

Arabic رَقِيب (raqīb)bor.

Classical Persian رَقِیب (raqīb)bor.

Urdu رَقِیب

Borrowed from Classical Persian رَقِیب (raqīb), borrowed from Arabic رَقِيب (raqīb), from رَقَبَ (raqaba). First attested in c. 1564 as Middle Hindi رَقِیب (rqyb /⁠raqīb⁠/).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /ɾə.qiːb/
• Rhymes: -iːb
• Syllabification: رَ‧قِیب

Noun

رَقِیب • (raqīb) m (Hindi spelling रक़ीब)

1. watcher
2. rival; competitor (especially in love; enemy)
3. (dated) one who watches over (guardian, guard; watchman, waiter of something)

Declension

Declension of رقیب

	singular	plural
direct	رَقِیب (raqīb)	رَقِیب (raqīb)
oblique	رَقِیب (raqīb)	رَقِیبوں (raqībõ)
vocative	رَقِیب (raqīb)	رَقِیبو (raqībo)

Further reading

• “رقیب”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2026.
• Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971), “رقيب”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co., page 335
• John Shakespear (1834), “رقیب”, in A dictionary, Hindustani and English: with a copious index, fitting the work to serve, also, as a dictionary of English and Hindustani, 3^rd edition, London: J.L. Cox and Son, →OCLC