अंधकार

See also: अधिकार and अधिकारी

Hindi

Alternative forms

• अन्धकार (andhakār)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-Iranian *andʰás

Sanskrit अन्ध (andhá)

Proto-Indo-European *kʷer-der.

Sanskrit -कार (-kāra)

Sanskrit अन्धकार (andhakāra)lbor.

Hindi अंधकार

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit अन्धकार (andhakāra). Doublet of अँधेरा (andherā).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Hindi) IPA^(key): /ənd̪ʱ.kɑːɾ/, [ɐ̃n̪d̪ʱ.käːɾ]

• Audio (Delhi):

  (file)

Noun

अंधकार • (andhkār) m (Urdu spelling اَنْدھکار)

1. darkness (the absence of light)

   Synonyms: अँधेरा (andherā), तिमिर (timir), तम (tam), तीरगी (tīrgī)

   Antonyms: प्रकाश (prakāś), रौशनी (rauśnī), उजाला (ujālā)

Declension

Declension of अंधकार (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	अंधकार andhkār	अंधकार andhkār
oblique	अंधकार andhkār	अंधकारों andhkārõ
vocative	अंधकार andhkār	अंधकारो andhkāro

Derived terms

• अंधकारमय (andhkārmay, “dark”)

References

• Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975), “अंधकार”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. “Sea of Hindi words”] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha, page 35
• Caturvedi, Mahendra; Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970), “अंधकार”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House, page 6
• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “अंधकार”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press, page 7
• Bahri, Hardev (1989), “अंधकार”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons, page 4.

Marathi

Alternative forms

• अंधःकार (andhaḥkār)

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit अन्धकार (andhakāra). Doublet of अंधार (andhār).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ən.d̪ʱə.kaɾ/
• Hyphenation: अं‧ध‧कार
• Rhymes: -aɾ

Noun

अंधकार • (andhakār) m

1. darkness

   Synonyms: अंधार (andhār), काळोख (kāḷokh), तिमिर (timir), तम (tam)

   रात्री वीज गेल्यावर सगळीकडे अंधकार होतो.

   rātrī vīj̈ gēlyāvar sagḷīkaḍē andhakār hōtō.

   When the power is cut at night, there is darkness everywhere.

2. (figuratively) mental darkness

   परीक्षेच्या चांगल्या निकालामुळे स​ईच्या मनी दाटलेला अंधकार नाहीसा झाला.

   parīkṣecyā cāṅgalyā nikālāmuḷe sa​īcyā manī dāṭlelā andhakār nāhīsā j̈hālā.

   The good exam results annihilated the gloominess that had settled into Sai's mind.

Declension

Declension of अंधकार (masc cons-stem)

	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	अंधकार andhkār	अंधकार andhkār
oblique सामान्यरूप	अंधकारा andhkārā	अंधकारां- andhkārā̃-
accusative / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	अंधकाराला andhkārālā	अंधकारांना andhkārānnā
ergative	अंधकाराने, अंधकारानं andhkārāne, andhkārāna	अंधकारांनी andhkārānnī
instrumental	अंधकाराशी andhkārāśī	अंधकारांशी andhkārāuśī
locative सप्तमी	अंधकारात andhkārāt	अंधकारांत andhkārānta
vocative संबोधन	अंधकारा andhkārā	अंधकारांनो andhkārānno

Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions.
There is no space between the stem and the postposition.
Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of अंधकार (masc cons-stem)

	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular* एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	अंधकाराचा andhkārācā	अंधकाराचे andhkārāce	अंधकाराची andhkārācī	अंधकाराच्या andhkārācyā	अंधकाराचे, अंधकाराचं andhkārāce, andhkārāca	अंधकाराची andhkārācī	अंधकाराच्या andhkārācyā
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	अंधकारांचा andhkārāñcā	अंधकारांचे andhkārāñce	अंधकारांची andhkārāñcī	अंधकारांच्या andhkārāñcyā	अंधकारांचे, अंधकारांचं andhkārāñce, andhkārāñca	अंधकारांची andhkārāñcī	अंधकारांच्या andhkārāñcyā

^* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a).
Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

References

• Molesworth, James Thomas (1857), “अंधकार”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
• दाते, यशवंत रामकृष्ण [Date, Yashwant Ramkrishna] (1932-1950), “अंधकार”, in महाराष्ट्र शब्दकोश (mahārāṣṭra śabdakoś) (in Marathi), पुणे [Pune]: महाराष्ट्र कोशमंडळ (mahārāṣṭra kośmaṇḍaḷ)