उग्र
Hindi
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Sanskrit उ॒ग्र (ugrá).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Standard Hindi) IPA(key): /ʊɡ.ɾᵊ/
Adjective
[edit]उग्र • (ugra) (indeclinable)
Derived terms
[edit]Sanskrit
[edit]Alternative scripts
[edit]Alternative scripts
- উগ্ৰ (Assamese script)
- ᬉᬕ᭄ᬭ (Balinese script)
- উগ্র (Bengali script)
- 𑰄𑰐𑰿𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀭 (Brahmi script)
- ဥဂြ (Burmese script)
- ઉગ્ર (Gujarati script)
- ਉਗ੍ਰ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌉𑌗𑍍𑌰 (Grantha script)
- ꦈꦒꦿ (Javanese script)
- 𑂇𑂏𑂹𑂩 (Kaithi script)
- ಉಗ್ರ (Kannada script)
- ឧគ្រ (Khmer script)
- ອຸຄ຺ຣ (Lao script)
- ഉഗ്ര (Malayalam script)
- ᡠᡤᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘄𑘐𑘿𑘨 (Modi script)
- ᠤᠺᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦤𑦰𑧠𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐄𑐐𑑂𑐬 (Newa script)
- ଉଗ୍ର (Odia script)
- ꢆꢔ꣄ꢬ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆇𑆓𑇀𑆫 (Sharada script)
- 𑖄𑖐𑖿𑖨 (Siddham script)
- උග්ර (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩐𑩒𑩞 𑪙𑩼 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚄𑚌𑚶𑚤 (Takri script)
- உக்³ர (Tamil script)
- ఉగ్ర (Telugu script)
- อุคฺร (Thai script)
- ཨུ་གྲ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒅𑒑𑓂𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨀𑨃𑨍𑩇𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hugrás (“strong, powerful”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ug-ró-s (“strong”), from *h₂ewg-. Cognate with Avestan 𐬎𐬔𐬭𐬀 (ugra), 𐬎𐬖𐬭𐬀 (uγra).
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]उ॒ग्र • (ugrá) stem (comparative ओजीयस्, superlative ओजिष्ठ, root वज्)
Declension
[edit]| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | उ॒ग्रः (ugráḥ) | उ॒ग्रौ (ugráu) उ॒ग्रा¹ (ugrā́¹) |
उ॒ग्राः (ugrā́ḥ) उ॒ग्रासः॑¹ (ugrā́saḥ¹) |
| accusative | उ॒ग्रम् (ugrám) | उ॒ग्रौ (ugráu) उ॒ग्रा¹ (ugrā́¹) |
उ॒ग्रान् (ugrā́n) |
| instrumental | उ॒ग्रेण॑ (ugréṇa) | उ॒ग्राभ्या॑म् (ugrā́bhyām) | उ॒ग्रैः (ugráiḥ) उ॒ग्रेभिः॑¹ (ugrébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | उ॒ग्राय॑ (ugrā́ya) | उ॒ग्राभ्या॑म् (ugrā́bhyām) | उ॒ग्रेभ्यः॑ (ugrébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | उ॒ग्रात् (ugrā́t) | उ॒ग्राभ्या॑म् (ugrā́bhyām) | उ॒ग्रेभ्यः॑ (ugrébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | उ॒ग्रस्य॑ (ugrásya) | उ॒ग्रयोः॑ (ugráyoḥ) | उ॒ग्राणा॑म् (ugrā́ṇām) |
| locative | उ॒ग्रे (ugré) | उ॒ग्रयोः॑ (ugráyoḥ) | उ॒ग्रेषु॑ (ugréṣu) |
| vocative | उग्र॑ (úgra) | उग्रौ॑ (úgrau) उग्रा॑¹ (úgrā¹) |
उग्राः॑ (úgrāḥ) उग्रा॑सः¹ (úgrāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | उ॒ग्रा (ugrā́) | उ॒ग्रे (ugré) | उ॒ग्राः (ugrā́ḥ) |
| accusative | उ॒ग्राम् (ugrā́m) | उ॒ग्रे (ugré) | उ॒ग्राः (ugrā́ḥ) |
| instrumental | उ॒ग्रया॑ (ugráyā) उ॒ग्रा¹ (ugrā́¹) |
उ॒ग्राभ्या॑म् (ugrā́bhyām) | उ॒ग्राभिः॑ (ugrā́bhiḥ) |
| dative | उ॒ग्रायै॑ (ugrā́yai) | उ॒ग्राभ्या॑म् (ugrā́bhyām) | उ॒ग्राभ्यः॑ (ugrā́bhyaḥ) |
| ablative | उ॒ग्रायाः॑ (ugrā́yāḥ) उ॒ग्रायै॑² (ugrā́yai²) |
उ॒ग्राभ्या॑म् (ugrā́bhyām) | उ॒ग्राभ्यः॑ (ugrā́bhyaḥ) |
| genitive | उ॒ग्रायाः॑ (ugrā́yāḥ) उ॒ग्रायै॑² (ugrā́yai²) |
उ॒ग्रयोः॑ (ugráyoḥ) | उ॒ग्राणा॑म् (ugrā́ṇām) |
| locative | उ॒ग्राया॑म् (ugrā́yām) | उ॒ग्रयोः॑ (ugráyoḥ) | उ॒ग्रासु॑ (ugrā́su) |
| vocative | उग्रे॑ (úgre) | उग्रे॑ (úgre) | उग्राः॑ (úgrāḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | उ॒ग्रम् (ugrám) | उ॒ग्रे (ugré) | उ॒ग्राणि॑ (ugrā́ṇi) उ॒ग्रा¹ (ugrā́¹) |
| accusative | उ॒ग्रम् (ugrám) | उ॒ग्रे (ugré) | उ॒ग्राणि॑ (ugrā́ṇi) उ॒ग्रा¹ (ugrā́¹) |
| instrumental | उ॒ग्रेण॑ (ugréṇa) | उ॒ग्राभ्या॑म् (ugrā́bhyām) | उ॒ग्रैः (ugráiḥ) उ॒ग्रेभिः॑¹ (ugrébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | उ॒ग्राय॑ (ugrā́ya) | उ॒ग्राभ्या॑म् (ugrā́bhyām) | उ॒ग्रेभ्यः॑ (ugrébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | उ॒ग्रात् (ugrā́t) | उ॒ग्राभ्या॑म् (ugrā́bhyām) | उ॒ग्रेभ्यः॑ (ugrébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | उ॒ग्रस्य॑ (ugrásya) | उ॒ग्रयोः॑ (ugráyoḥ) | उ॒ग्राणा॑म् (ugrā́ṇām) |
| locative | उ॒ग्रे (ugré) | उ॒ग्रयोः॑ (ugráyoḥ) | उ॒ग्रेषु॑ (ugréṣu) |
| vocative | उग्र॑ (úgra) | उग्रे॑ (úgre) | उग्रा॑णि (úgrāṇi) उग्रा॑¹ (úgrā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Descendants
[edit]- Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕 (ugga)
- Pali: ugga
- → Hindi: उग्र (ugra)
- → Kannada: ಉಗ್ರ (ugra)
- → Telugu: ఉగ్రము (ugramu)
References
[edit]- Monier Williams (1899), “उग्र”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 172, column 2.
- Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 524
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “ugrá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 74
Categories:
- Hindi terms derived from Sanskrit
- Hindi terms borrowed from Sanskrit
- Hindi terms derived from the Sanskrit root वज्
- Hindi terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂ewg-
- Hindi terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Hindi terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Hindi terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hindi lemmas
- Hindi adjectives
- Hindi indeclinable adjectives
- hi:Politics
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-Aryan
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Sanskrit terms belonging to the root वज्
- Sanskrit terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂ewg-
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation
- Sanskrit lemmas
- Sanskrit adjectives
- Sanskrit comparable adjectives
- Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script
- Sanskrit terms with quotations
- Sanskrit a-stem adjectives