कार्दम

Hindi

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Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• কাৰ্দম (Assamese script)
• ᬓᬵᬃᬤᬫ (Balinese script)
• কার্দম (Bengali script)
• 𑰎𑰯𑰨𑰿𑰟𑰦 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑁆𑀤𑀫 (Brahmi script)
• ကာရ်္ဒမ (Burmese script)
• કાર્દમ (Gujarati script)
• ਕਾਰ੍ਦਮ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌕𑌾𑌰𑍍𑌦𑌮 (Grantha script)
• ꦏꦴꦂꦢꦩ (Javanese script)
• 𑂍𑂰𑂩𑂹𑂠𑂧 (Kaithi script)
• ಕಾರ್ದಮ (Kannada script)
• កាទ៌ម (Khmer script)
• ກາຣ຺ທມ (Lao script)
• കാര്ദമ (Malayalam script)
• ᡬᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᡵᡩᠠᠮᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘎𑘰𑘨𑘿𑘟𑘦 (Modi script)
• ᢉᠠᢗᠷᢑᠠᠮᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦮𑧑𑧈𑧠𑦿𑧆 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐎𑐵𑐬𑑂𑐡𑐩 (Newa script)
• କାର୍ଦମ (Odia script)
• ꢒꢵꢬ꣄ꢣꢪ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆑𑆳𑆫𑇀𑆢𑆩 (Sharada script)
• 𑖎𑖯𑖨𑖿𑖟𑖦 (Siddham script)
• කාර්‍දම (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩜𑩛𑩼 𑪙𑩭𑩴 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚊𑚭𑚤𑚶𑚛𑚢 (Takri script)
• கார்த³ம (Tamil script)
• కార్దమ (Telugu script)
• การฺทม (Thai script)
• ཀཱ་རྡ་མ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒏𑒰𑒩𑓂𑒠𑒧 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨋𑨊𑨫𑩇𑨛𑨢 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Vṛddhi derivative of कर्दम (kardama, “mud, dirt; Prajapati Kardama”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈkɑːɾ.d̪ɐ.mɐ/

Adjective

कार्दम • (kārdama) stem (Classical Sanskrit)

1. muddy (covered with or full of mud)

   Synonyms: कर्दमित (kardamita), कार्दमिक (kārdamika), सजम्बाल (sajambāla), पङ्कमय (paṅkamaya), पङ्कवत् (paṅkavat), पङ्किन् (paṅkin)

   • c. 700 CE, Skanda Purāṇa 5.3.28.28.1:

     रक्तमाल्योत्तमाङ्गाश्च पतन्तः कार्दमे ह्रदे ।

     raktamālyottamāṅgāśca patantaḥ kārdame hrade.

     With the red garlands round their heads, they were falling into muddy whirlpools.

2. of or relating to Prajapati Kardama
   • c. 700 CE – 900 CE, Bhāgavata Purāṇa 3.24.6:

     तस्यां बहुतिथे काले भगवान्मधुसूदनः ।
     कार्दमं वीर्यमापन्नो जज्ञेऽग्निरिव दारुणि ॥

     tasyāṃ bahutithe kāle bhagavānmadhusūdanaḥ.
     kārdamaṃ vīryamāpanno jajñeʼgniriva dāruṇi.

     Having entered the semen of Kardama, after many days, Lord Krishna appeared in her [Devahuti] just as fire appeared from woods.

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of कार्दम (kārdama)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	कार्दमः kārdamaḥ	कार्दमौ kārdamau	कार्दमाः kārdamāḥ
Vocative	कार्दम kārdama	कार्दमौ kārdamau	कार्दमाः kārdamāḥ
Accusative	कार्दमम् kārdamam	कार्दमौ kārdamau	कार्दमान् kārdamān
Instrumental	कार्दमेन kārdamena	कार्दमाभ्याम् kārdamābhyām	कार्दमैः kārdamaiḥ
Dative	कार्दमाय kārdamāya	कार्दमाभ्याम् kārdamābhyām	कार्दमेभ्यः kārdamebhyaḥ
Ablative	कार्दमात् kārdamāt	कार्दमाभ्याम् kārdamābhyām	कार्दमेभ्यः kārdamebhyaḥ
Genitive	कार्दमस्य kārdamasya	कार्दमयोः kārdamayoḥ	कार्दमानाम् kārdamānām
Locative	कार्दमे kārdame	कार्दमयोः kārdamayoḥ	कार्दमेषु kārdameṣu

Feminine ī-stem declension of कार्दमी (kārdamī)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	कार्दमी kārdamī	कार्दम्यौ kārdamyau	कार्दम्यः kārdamyaḥ
Vocative	कार्दमि kārdami	कार्दम्यौ kārdamyau	कार्दम्यः kārdamyaḥ
Accusative	कार्दमीम् kārdamīm	कार्दम्यौ kārdamyau	कार्दमीः kārdamīḥ
Instrumental	कार्दम्या kārdamyā	कार्दमीभ्याम् kārdamībhyām	कार्दमीभिः kārdamībhiḥ
Dative	कार्दम्यै kārdamyai	कार्दमीभ्याम् kārdamībhyām	कार्दमीभ्यः kārdamībhyaḥ
Ablative	कार्दम्याः kārdamyāḥ	कार्दमीभ्याम् kārdamībhyām	कार्दमीभ्यः kārdamībhyaḥ
Genitive	कार्दम्याः kārdamyāḥ	कार्दम्योः kārdamyoḥ	कार्दमीनाम् kārdamīnām
Locative	कार्दम्याम् kārdamyām	कार्दम्योः kārdamyoḥ	कार्दमीषु kārdamīṣu

Neuter a-stem declension of कार्दम (kārdama)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	कार्दमम् kārdamam	कार्दमे kārdame	कार्दमानि kārdamāni
Vocative	कार्दम kārdama	कार्दमे kārdame	कार्दमानि kārdamāni
Accusative	कार्दमम् kārdamam	कार्दमे kārdame	कार्दमानि kārdamāni
Instrumental	कार्दमेन kārdamena	कार्दमाभ्याम् kārdamābhyām	कार्दमैः kārdamaiḥ
Dative	कार्दमाय kārdamāya	कार्दमाभ्याम् kārdamābhyām	कार्दमेभ्यः kārdamebhyaḥ
Ablative	कार्दमात् kārdamāt	कार्दमाभ्याम् kārdamābhyām	कार्दमेभ्यः kārdamebhyaḥ
Genitive	कार्दमस्य kārdamasya	कार्दमयोः kārdamayoḥ	कार्दमानाम् kārdamānām
Locative	कार्दमे kārdame	कार्दमयोः kārdamayoḥ	कार्दमेषु kārdameṣu

Further reading

• Monier Williams (1899) “कार्दम”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 275, column 3.
• Hellwig, Oliver (2010-2024) “kārdama”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
• Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “कार्दम”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan, page 563
• Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “कार्दम”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press, page 66