ग्रीवा

See also: गौरव and गर्व

Hindi

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *gʷriHwéh₂

Proto-Indo-Iranian *griHwáH

Sanskrit ग्रीवा (grīvā)bor.

Hindi ग्रीवा (grīvā)

Borrowed from Sanskrit ग्रीवा (grīvā).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /ɡɾiː.ʋɑː/, [ɡɾiː.ʋäː]

Noun

ग्रीवा • (grīvā) f

1. (anatomy) neck

   Synonym: गर्दन (gardan)

   • 2008, Visvamohan Tiwari, विज्ञान का आनंद [vijñān kā ānand, The fun of science], Alekh Prakashan, →ISBN, page 53:

     मयूर के सिर पर नीली थिरकती कलगी हो देखकर लगता है कि मयूर राजा के मुकुट पर नीलम मणियों का छोटा-सा छत्र शोभायमान हो, उस छत्र की छोटी-छोटी दंडिकाएँ धवल चाँदी-सी दमकती हैं । सुंदर ग्रीवा तथा सिर का प्रगाढ़ नीला रंग उसे विशिष्ट सौंदर्य प्रदान करता है ।

     mayūr ke sir par nīlī thiraktī kalgī ho dekhkar lagtā hai ki mayūr rājā ke mukuṭ par nīlam maṇiyõ kā choṭā-sā chatra śobhāymān ho, us chatra kī choṭī-choṭī daṇḍikāẽ dhaval cā̃dī-sī damaktī ha͠i . sundar grīvā tathā sir kā pragāṛh nīlā raṅg use viśiṣṭ saundarya pradān kartā hai .

     Seeing the blue dancing crest on the peacock's head, it seems as if a small umbrella of sapphire gems adorns the crown of the peacock king, the small lines of that umbrella shine like white silver. A beautiful neck and the deep blue colour of the head gives it a special beauty.

Declension

Declension of ग्रीवा (fem ā-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	ग्रीवा grīvā	ग्रीवाएँ grīvāẽ
oblique	ग्रीवा grīvā	ग्रीवाओं grīvāõ
vocative	ग्रीवा grīvā	ग्रीवाओ grīvāo

Further reading

• Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “ग्रीवा”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha, page 1374
• Caturvedi, Mahendra, Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970) “ग्रीवा”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House, page 185
• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “ग्रीवा”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press, page 282

Old Awadhi

Noun

ग्रीवा (grīvā)

1. Devanagari script form of 𑂏𑂹𑂩𑂲𑂫𑂰 (“neck”)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• গ্ৰীৱা (Assamese script)
• ᬕ᭄ᬭᬷᬯᬵ (Balinese script)
• গ্রীবা (Bengali script)
• 𑰐𑰿𑰨𑰱𑰪𑰯 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀕𑁆𑀭𑀻𑀯𑀸 (Brahmi script)
• ဂြီဝါ (Burmese script)
• ગ્રીવા (Gujarati script)
• ਗ੍ਰੀਵਾ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌗𑍍𑌰𑍀𑌵𑌾 (Grantha script)
• ꦒꦿꦷꦮꦴ (Javanese script)
• 𑂏𑂹𑂩𑂲𑂫𑂰 (Kaithi script)
• ಗ್ರೀವಾ (Kannada script)
• គ្រីវា (Khmer script)
• ຄ຺ຣີວາ (Lao script)
• ഗ്രീവാ (Malayalam script)
• ᡤᡵᡳᡳᠸᠠᢇ (Manchu script)
• 𑘐𑘿𑘨𑘲𑘪𑘰 (Modi script)
• ᠺᠷᠢᠢᠸᠠ᠋᠎ᠠ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦰𑧠𑧈𑧓𑧊𑧑 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐐𑑂𑐬𑐷𑐰𑐵 (Newa script)
• ଗ୍ରୀଵା (Odia script)
• ꢔ꣄ꢬꢷꢮꢵ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆓𑇀𑆫𑆵𑆮𑆳 (Sharada script)
• 𑖐𑖿𑖨𑖱𑖪𑖯 (Siddham script)
• ග්‍රීවා (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩞 𑪙𑩼𑩑𑩛𑩾𑩛 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚌𑚶𑚤𑚯𑚦𑚭 (Takri script)
• க்³ரீவா (Tamil script)
• గ్రీవా (Telugu script)
• คฺรีวา (Thai script)
• གྲཱི་ཝཱ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒑𑓂𑒩𑒲𑒫𑒰 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨍𑩇𑨫𑨁𑨊𑨭𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *gʷriHwéh₂

Proto-Indo-Iranian *griHwáH

Sanskrit ग्रीवा (grīvā)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *griHwáH, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷriHwéh₂. Cognate with Avestan 𐬔𐬭𐬍𐬎𐬎𐬁 (grīuuā), Latvian grĩva (“river mouth”), Proto-Slavic *griva (“mane”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɡɾiː.ʋɑ́ː/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈɡɾiː.ʋɑː/

Noun

ग्रीवा • (grīvā́) stem, f

1. the back part of the neck, nape, neck (in the earlier literature generally used in plural)
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 6.48.17:

     मा काकम्बीरमुद वर्हो वनस्पतिमशस्तीर्वि हि नीनशः ।
     मोत सूरो अह एवा चन ग्रीवा आदधते वेः ॥

     mā kākambīramuda varho vanaspatimaśastīrvi hi nīnaśaḥ.
     mota sūro aha evā cana grīvā ādadhate veḥ.

     Tear not up by the roots the Kakambira tree: destroy thou all malignity. Let them not snare by day the neck of that Celestial Bird the Sun.

Declension

Feminine ā-stem declension of ग्रीवा (grīvā́)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ग्रीवा grīvā́	ग्रीवे grīvé	ग्रीवाः grīvā́ḥ
Vocative	ग्रीवे grī́ve	ग्रीवे grī́ve	ग्रीवाः grī́vāḥ
Accusative	ग्रीवाम् grīvā́m	ग्रीवे grīvé	ग्रीवाः grīvā́ḥ
Instrumental	ग्रीवया / ग्रीवा¹ grīváyā / grīvā́¹	ग्रीवाभ्याम् grīvā́bhyām	ग्रीवाभिः grīvā́bhiḥ
Dative	ग्रीवायै grīvā́yai	ग्रीवाभ्याम् grīvā́bhyām	ग्रीवाभ्यः grīvā́bhyaḥ
Ablative	ग्रीवायाः / ग्रीवायै² grīvā́yāḥ / grīvā́yai²	ग्रीवाभ्याम् grīvā́bhyām	ग्रीवाभ्यः grīvā́bhyaḥ
Genitive	ग्रीवायाः / ग्रीवायै² grīvā́yāḥ / grīvā́yai²	ग्रीवयोः grīváyoḥ	ग्रीवाणाम् grīvā́ṇām
Locative	ग्रीवायाम् grīvā́yām	ग्रीवयोः grīváyoḥ	ग्रीवासु grīvā́su
Notes	¹Vedic ²Brāhmaṇas

Descendants

• Pali: gīvā
• Prakrit: 𑀕𑀻𑀯𑀸 (gīvā)
• → Hindi: ग्रीवा (grīvā)
• → Malayalam: ഗ്രീവ (grīva)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “ग्रीवा”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0374.
• Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “ग्रीवा”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan, page 681
• Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2025) “grīvā”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “grīvā́”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 235