ग्रीवा

See also: गौरव and गर्व

Hindi

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *gʷriHwéh₂

Proto-Indo-Iranian *griHwáH

Sanskrit ग्रीवा (grīvā)bor.

Hindi ग्रीवा

Borrowed from Sanskrit ग्रीवा (grīvā).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Hindi) IPA^(key): /ɡɾiː.ʋɑː/, [ɡɾiː.ʋäː]

Noun

ग्रीवा • (grīvā) f

1. (anatomy) neck

   Synonym: गर्दन (gardan)

   • 2008, Visvamohan Tiwari, विज्ञान का आनंद [vijñān kā ānand, The fun of science], Alekh Prakashan, →ISBN, page 53:

     मयूर के सिर पर नीली थिरकती कलगी हो देखकर लगता है कि मयूर राजा के मुकुट पर नीलम मणियों का छोटा-सा छत्र शोभायमान हो, उस छत्र की छोटी-छोटी दंडिकाएँ धवल चाँदी-सी दमकती हैं । सुंदर ग्रीवा तथा सिर का प्रगाढ़ नीला रंग उसे विशिष्ट सौंदर्य प्रदान करता है ।

     mayūr ke sir par nīlī thiraktī kalgī ho dekhkar lagtā hai ki mayūr rājā ke mukuṭ par nīlam maṇiyõ kā choṭā-sā chatra śobhāymān ho, us chatra kī choṭī-choṭī daṇḍikāẽ dhaval cā̃dī-sī damaktī ha͠i . sundar grīvā tathā sir kā pragāṛh nīlā raṅg use viśiṣṭ saundarya pradān kartā hai .

     Seeing the blue dancing crest on the peacock's head, it seems as if a small umbrella of sapphire gems adorns the crown of the peacock king, the small lines of that umbrella shine like white silver. A beautiful neck and the deep blue colour of the head gives it a special beauty.

Declension

Declension of ग्रीवा (fem ā-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	ग्रीवा grīvā	ग्रीवाएँ grīvāẽ
oblique	ग्रीवा grīvā	ग्रीवाओं grīvāõ
vocative	ग्रीवा grīvā	ग्रीवाओ grīvāo

Further reading

• Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975), “ग्रीवा”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. “Sea of Hindi words”] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha, page 1374
• Caturvedi, Mahendra; Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970), “ग्रीवा”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House, page 185
• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “ग्रीवा”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press, page 282

Old Awadhi

Noun

ग्रीवा (grīvā)

1. Devanagari script form of 𑂏𑂹𑂩𑂲𑂫𑂰 (“neck”)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• গ্ৰীৱা (Assamese script)
• ᬕ᭄ᬭᬷᬯᬵ (Balinese script)
• গ্রীবা (Bengali script)
• 𑰐𑰿𑰨𑰱𑰪𑰯 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀕𑁆𑀭𑀻𑀯𑀸 (Brahmi script)
• ဂြီဝါ (Burmese script)
• ગ્રીવા (Gujarati script)
• ਗ੍ਰੀਵਾ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌗𑍍𑌰𑍀𑌵𑌾 (Grantha script)
• ꦒꦿꦷꦮꦴ (Javanese script)
• 𑂏𑂹𑂩𑂲𑂫𑂰 (Kaithi script)
• ಗ್ರೀವಾ (Kannada script)
• គ្រីវា (Khmer script)
• ຄ຺ຣີວາ (Lao script)
• ഗ്രീവാ (Malayalam script)
• ᡤᡵᡳᡳᠸᠠᢇ (Manchu script)
• 𑘐𑘿𑘨𑘲𑘪𑘰 (Modi script)
• ᠺᠷᠢᠢᠸᠠ᠋᠎ᠠ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦰𑧠𑧈𑧓𑧊𑧑 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐐𑑂𑐬𑐷𑐰𑐵 (Newa script)
• ଗ୍ରୀଵା (Odia script)
• ꢔ꣄ꢬꢷꢮꢵ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆓𑇀𑆫𑆵𑆮𑆳 (Sharada script)
• 𑖐𑖿𑖨𑖱𑖪𑖯 (Siddham script)
• ග්‍රීවා (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩞 𑪙𑩼𑩑𑩛𑩾𑩛 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚌𑚶𑚤𑚯𑚦𑚭 (Takri script)
• க்³ரீவா (Tamil script)
• గ్రీవా (Telugu script)
• คฺรีวา (Thai script)
• གྲཱི་ཝཱ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒑𑓂𑒩𑒲𑒫𑒰 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨍𑩇𑨫𑨁𑨊𑨭𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *gʷriHwéh₂

Proto-Indo-Iranian *griHwáH

Sanskrit ग्रीवा

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *griHwáH. Cognate with Avestan 𐬔𐬭𐬍𐬎𐬎𐬁 (grīuuā), Latvian grĩva (“river mouth”), Proto-Slavic *griva (“mane”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɡɾiː.ʋɑ́ː/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɡɾiː.ʋɑː/

Noun

ग्री॒वा • (grīvā́) stem, f

1. the back part of the neck, nape, neck (in the earlier literature generally used in plural)
   • c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 6.48.17:

     मा काकम्बीरमुद वर्हो वनस्पतिमशस्तीर्वि हि नीनशः ।
     मोत सूरो अह एवा चन ग्रीवा आदधते वेः ॥

     mā kākambīramuda varho vanaspatimaśastīrvi hi nīnaśaḥ.
     mota sūro aha evā cana grīvā ādadhate veḥ.

     Tear not up by the roots the Kakambira tree: destroy thou all malignity. Let them not snare by day the neck of that Celestial Bird the Sun.

Declension

Feminine ā-stem declension of ग्री॒वा

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	ग्री॒वा (grīvā́)	ग्री॒वे (grīvé)	ग्री॒वाः (grīvā́ḥ)
accusative	ग्री॒वाम् (grīvā́m)	ग्री॒वे (grīvé)	ग्री॒वाः (grīvā́ḥ)
instrumental	ग्री॒वया॑ (grīváyā) ग्री॒वा¹ (grīvā́¹)	ग्री॒वाभ्या॑म् (grīvā́bhyām)	ग्री॒वाभिः॑ (grīvā́bhiḥ)
dative	ग्री॒वायै॑ (grīvā́yai)	ग्री॒वाभ्या॑म् (grīvā́bhyām)	ग्री॒वाभ्यः॑ (grīvā́bhyaḥ)
ablative	ग्री॒वायाः॑ (grīvā́yāḥ) ग्री॒वायै॑² (grīvā́yai²)	ग्री॒वाभ्या॑म् (grīvā́bhyām)	ग्री॒वाभ्यः॑ (grīvā́bhyaḥ)
genitive	ग्री॒वायाः॑ (grīvā́yāḥ) ग्री॒वायै॑² (grīvā́yai²)	ग्री॒वयोः॑ (grīváyoḥ)	ग्री॒वाणा॑म् (grīvā́ṇām)
locative	ग्री॒वाया॑म् (grīvā́yām)	ग्री॒वयोः॑ (grīváyoḥ)	ग्री॒वासु॑ (grīvā́su)
vocative	ग्रीवे॑ (grī́ve)	ग्रीवे॑ (grī́ve)	ग्रीवाः॑ (grī́vāḥ)

• ¹Vedic
• ²Brāhmaṇas

Descendants

• Pali: gīvā
• Prakrit: 𑀕𑀻𑀯𑀸 (gīvā)
  • Sauraseni Prakrit:
    • Old Awadhi:

      Kaithi script: 𑂏𑂹𑂩𑂲𑂫𑂰 (grīvā)

      Devanagari script: ग्रीवा (grīvā)

    • Old Hindi: गिउ (giu), गिव (giva), गिय (giya), गीव (gīva)
• → Gujarati: ગ્રીવા (grīvā)
• → Hindi: ग्रीवा (grīvā)
• → Malayalam: ഗ്രീവ (grīva)
• → Odia: ଗ୍ରୀବା (gribā)

References

• Monier Williams (1899), “ग्रीवा”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0374.
• Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890), “ग्रीवा”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan, page 681
• Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2026), “grīvā”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “grīvā́”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 235