चक्रवाल
Sanskrit
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Alternative scripts
- চক্ৰৱাল (Assamese script)
- ᬘᬓ᭄ᬭᬯᬵᬮ (Balinese script)
- চক্রবাল (Bengali script)
- 𑰓𑰎𑰿𑰨𑰪𑰯𑰩 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀘𑀓𑁆𑀭𑀯𑀸𑀮 (Brahmi script)
- စကြဝါလ (Burmese script)
- ચક્રવાલ (Gujarati script)
- ਚਕ੍ਰਵਾਲ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌚𑌕𑍍𑌰𑌵𑌾𑌲 (Grantha script)
- ꦕꦏꦿꦮꦴꦭ (Javanese script)
- 𑂒𑂍𑂹𑂩𑂫𑂰𑂪 (Kaithi script)
- ಚಕ್ರವಾಲ (Kannada script)
- ចក្រវាល (Khmer script)
- ຈກ຺ຣວາລ (Lao script)
- ചക്രവാല (Malayalam script)
- ᢜᠠᡬᡵᠠᠸᠠ᠊ᠠᠯᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘓𑘎𑘿𑘨𑘪𑘰𑘩 (Modi script)
- ᢋᠠᢉᠷᠠᠸᠠᢗᠯᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦳𑦮𑧠𑧈𑧊𑧑𑧉 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐔𑐎𑑂𑐬𑐰𑐵𑐮 (Newa script)
- ଚକ୍ରଵାଲ (Odia script)
- ꢗꢒ꣄ꢬꢮꢵꢭ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆖𑆑𑇀𑆫𑆮𑆳𑆬 (Sharada script)
- 𑖓𑖎𑖿𑖨𑖪𑖯𑖩 (Siddham script)
- චක්රවාල (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩡𑩜 𑪙𑩼𑩾𑩛𑩽 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚏𑚊𑚶𑚤𑚦𑚭𑚥 (Takri script)
- சக்ரவால (Tamil script)
- చక్రవాల (Telugu script)
- จกฺรวาล (Thai script)
- ཙ་ཀྲ་ཝཱ་ལ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒔𑒏𑓂𑒩𑒫𑒰𑒪 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨣𑨋𑩇𑨫𑨭𑨊𑨬 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
[edit]Analyzable as चक्र (cakra, “wheel, circle”) + वाल (vāla, “enclosing ring, circumference”); also compare वल् (val, “to encompass”). Compare Pali cakkavāḷa.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /t͡ɕɐk.ɾɐ.ʋɑː.l̪ɐ/
Noun
[edit]चक्रवाल • (cakravāla) stem, m
Declension
[edit]| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | चक्रवालः (cakravālaḥ) | चक्रवालौ (cakravālau) | चक्रवालाः (cakravālāḥ) |
| accusative | चक्रवालम् (cakravālam) | चक्रवालौ (cakravālau) | चक्रवालान् (cakravālān) |
| instrumental | चक्रवालेन (cakravālena) | चक्रवालाभ्याम् (cakravālābhyām) | चक्रवालैः (cakravālaiḥ) |
| dative | चक्रवालाय (cakravālāya) | चक्रवालाभ्याम् (cakravālābhyām) | चक्रवालेभ्यः (cakravālebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | चक्रवालात् (cakravālāt) | चक्रवालाभ्याम् (cakravālābhyām) | चक्रवालेभ्यः (cakravālebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | चक्रवालस्य (cakravālasya) | चक्रवालयोः (cakravālayoḥ) | चक्रवालानाम् (cakravālānām) |
| locative | चक्रवाले (cakravāle) | चक्रवालयोः (cakravālayoḥ) | चक्रवालेषु (cakravāleṣu) |
| vocative | चक्रवाल (cakravāla) | चक्रवालौ (cakravālau) | चक्रवालाः (cakravālāḥ) |
Descendants
[edit]- → Burmese: စကြဝဠာ (ca.kra.wa.la, “universe”)
- → Malay: cakerawala (“universe”)
- → Thai: จักรวาล (jàk-grà-waan, “universe”)
References
[edit]- Monier Williams (1899), “चक्रवाल”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 381, column 2.
- Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2026), “cakravāla”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
References
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001), Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume III, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 174-5