चन्दन

Hindi

Noun

चन्दन • (candan) m (Urdu spelling چندن)

alternative spelling of चंदन (candan)

Declension

Declension of *चन्दन* (masc cons-stem)
	singular	plural
direct	चन्दन candan	चन्दन candan
oblique	चन्दन candan	चन्दनों candanõ
vocative	चन्दन candan	चन्दनो candano

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

চন্দন (Assamese script)
ᬘᬦ᭄ᬤᬦ (Balinese script)
চন্দন (Bengali script)
𑰓𑰡𑰿𑰟𑰡 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀘𑀦𑁆𑀤𑀦 (Brahmi script)
စန္ဒန (Burmese script)
ચન્દન (Gujarati script)
ਚਨ੍ਦਨ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌚𑌨𑍍𑌦𑌨 (Grantha script)
ꦕꦤ꧀ꦢꦤ (Javanese script)
𑂒𑂢𑂹𑂠𑂢 (Kaithi script)
ಚನ್ದನ (Kannada script)
ចន្ទន (Khmer script)
ຈນ຺ທນ (Lao script)
ചന്ദന (Malayalam script)
ᢜᠠᠨᡩᠠᠨᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘓𑘡𑘿𑘟𑘡 (Modi script)
ᢋᠠᠨᢑᠠᠨᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑦳𑧁𑧠𑦿𑧁 (Nandinagari script)
𑐔𑐣𑑂𑐡𑐣 (Newa script)
ଚନ୍ଦନ (Odia script)
ꢗꢥ꣄ꢣꢥ (Saurashtra script)
𑆖𑆤𑇀𑆢𑆤 (Sharada script)
𑖓𑖡𑖿𑖟𑖡 (Siddham script)
චන්‍දන (Sinhalese script)
𑩡𑩯 𑪙𑩭𑩯 (Soyombo script)
𑚏𑚝𑚶𑚛𑚝 (Takri script)
சந்த³ந (Tamil script)
చన్దన (Telugu script)
จนฺทน (Thai script)
ཙ་ནྡ་ན (Tibetan script)
𑒔𑒢𑓂𑒠𑒢 (Tirhuta script)
𑨣𑨝𑩇𑨛𑨝 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Usually derived from चन्दति (candati, “to shine”), but probably a Dravidian borrowing: compare Tamil சாந்து (cāntu, “Santalum tree”), சாந்தம் (cāntam, “sandalwood”), Malayalam ചാന്ത് (cāntŭ, “sandal paste”).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /t͡ɕɐn.dɐ.nɐ/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /t͡ɕɐn̪.d̪ɐ.n̪ɐ/

Noun

चन्दन • (candana) stem, m

sandalwood

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of चन्दन
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	चन्दनः (candanaḥ)	चन्दनौ (candanau)	चन्दनाः (candanāḥ)
accusative	चन्दनम् (candanam)	चन्दनौ (candanau)	चन्दनान् (candanān)
instrumental	चन्दनेन (candanena)	चन्दनाभ्याम् (candanābhyām)	चन्दनैः (candanaiḥ)
dative	चन्दनाय (candanāya)	चन्दनाभ्याम् (candanābhyām)	चन्दनेभ्यः (candanebhyaḥ)
ablative	चन्दनात् (candanāt)	चन्दनाभ्याम् (candanābhyām)	चन्दनेभ्यः (candanebhyaḥ)
genitive	चन्दनस्य (candanasya)	चन्दनयोः (candanayoḥ)	चन्दनानाम् (candanānām)
locative	चन्दने (candane)	चन्दनयोः (candanayoḥ)	चन्दनेषु (candaneṣu)
vocative	चन्दन (candana)	चन्दनौ (candanau)	चन्दनाः (candanāḥ)

Descendants

Assamese: চন্দন (sondon)
Bengali: চন্দন (condon)
Gandhari: 𐨕𐨣𐨞 (canaṇa), 𐨕𐨎𐨡𐨣𐨎 (caṃdanaṃ)
- Byzantine Greek: σάνδανον (sándanon)
- → Middle Persian: cndl (/⁠čandal⁠/)
  - → Arabic: صَنْدَل (ṣandal)
    - → Byzantine Greek: σάνταλον (sántalon), σάνδανον (sándanon)
      - Greek: σάνταλο (sántalo)
      - → Medieval Latin: sandalum, santalum, sandalis
        → Middle English: sandal, sandale, sandel, sandell
        English: sandal
        Old French: sandre
        → Middle English: saundres, caundres, sanderes, sanders, sandres, saunders, saunderys, sawnderys, sawndres, zaunders
        English: sanders (obsolete)
        → French: santal
        → English: santal
        → Czech: santál, santal, sandál
        → Italian: sandalo
        → German: Sandel
        → Translingual: Santalum
        → Portuguese: sândalo
        → Spanish: sándalo
      - → Old East Slavic: сандалъ (sandalŭ)
        Russian: санда́л (sandál), санта́л (santál)
    - → Persian: صندل (sandal), چندل (čandal), چندن (čandan) (inherited from Middle Persian)
      - → Middle Armenian: սանտալ (santal), սանդալ (sandal)
      - → Hindustani:
        Hindi: संदल (sandal), सन्दल (sandal)
        Urdu: صندل (sandal)
      - → Ottoman Turkish: صندل (sendel), سندل (sendel)
        Turkish: sandal
      - → Punjabi:
        Gurmukhi script: ਸੰਦਲ (sandal)
        Shahmukhi script: صندل (sandal)
    - → Swahili: sandali
  - → Classical Syriac: ܨܢܕܠ (ṣandal)
Gujarati: ચંદન (candan)
Hindi: चन्दन (candan), चंदन (candan)
Punjabi: ਚੰਦਨ (candan)
→ Old Armenian: ճանդան (čandan) (via an Iranian language)
- → Armenian: ճանդան (čandan)
→ Middle Chinese: 栴檀 (tsyen dan /⁠t͡ɕiᴇn dɑn⁠/)
- Cantonese: 栴檀 (zin1 taan4)
- Mandarin: 栴檀 (zhāntán)
- → Japanese: 栴檀 (sendan)
- → Korean: 전단(栴檀) (jeondan)
- → Sogdian: 𐼿𐼻𐽂𐼻 (cntn /⁠čandan⁠/)
  - → Old Uyghur: 𐽽𐽶𐽺𐾀𐽰𐽺 (cyntʾn /⁠čintan⁠/)
    - → Karakhanid: جِنْدانْ (čïndān, “sandalwood, reddish-bay colored (of horses)”)
→ Byzantine Greek: τζανδάναν (tzandánan) (in Cosmas Indicopleustes)
→ Kannada: ಚಂದನ (candana)
→ Lao: ຈັນ (chan)
→ Malay: cendana
- Indonesian: cendana
→ Mongolian:
Cyrillic script: зандан (zandan)

Mongolian script: ᠽᠠᠨᠳᠠᠨ (zandan)
→ Odia: ଚନ୍ଦନ (candana)
→ Pashto: چندنړ (čandaṛṇ)
→ Tamil: சந்தனம் (cantaṉam)
→ Malayalam: ചന്ദനം (candanaṁ)
→ Telugu: చందనము (candanamu)
→ Thai: จันทน์ (jan)
→ Classical Tibetan: ཙན་དན (tsan dan)
- Dzongkha: ཙན་དན (tsan dan)
- Tibetan: ཙན་དན (tsan dan)
→ Tocharian B: cantāṃ

References

Mayrhofer, Manfred (1956), Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary]‎^[1] (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 373
Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1977), “ճանդան”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume III, Yerevan: University Press, page 183b
Martirosyan, Hrach (2014), “Armenian čandari ‘plane tree’”, in Iran and the Caucasus‎^[2], volume 18, number 1, pages 51–63
Lokotsch, Karl (1927), Etymologisches Wörterbuch der europäischen Wörter orientalischen Ursprungs (in German), Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, § 1825, page 145a