श्वाविध्

Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit श्वाविध् (śvāvídh). Doublet of साही (sāhī).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /ʃʋɑː.ʋɪd̪ʱ/, [ʃʋäː.ʋɪd̪ʱ]

Noun

श्वाविध् • (śvāvidh) m

1. (rare) porcupine

   Synonyms: सेधा (sedhā), साही (sāhī), सेही (sehī)

Declension

Declension of श्वाविध् (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	श्वाविध् śvāvidh	श्वाविध् śvāvidh
oblique	श्वाविध् śvāvidh	श्वाविधों śvāvidhõ
vocative	श्वाविध् śvāvidh	श्वाविधो śvāvidho

Further reading

• Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “श्वाविध्”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• শ্বাৱিধ্ (Assamese script)
• ᬰ᭄ᬯᬵᬯᬶᬥ᭄ (Balinese script)
• শ্বাবিধ্ (Bengali script)
• 𑰫𑰿𑰪𑰯𑰪𑰰𑰠𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀰𑁆𑀯𑀸𑀯𑀺𑀥𑁆 (Brahmi script)
• ၐွာဝိဓ် (Burmese script)
• શ્વાવિધ્ (Gujarati script)
• ਸ਼੍ਵਾਵਿਧ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌶𑍍𑌵𑌾𑌵𑌿𑌧𑍍 (Grantha script)
• ꦯ꧀ꦮꦴꦮꦶꦣ꧀ (Javanese script)
• 𑂬𑂹𑂫𑂰𑂫𑂱𑂡𑂹 (Kaithi script)
• ಶ್ವಾವಿಧ್ (Kannada script)
• ឝ្វាវិធ៑ (Khmer script)
• ຨ຺ວາວິຘ຺ (Lao script)
• ശ്വാവിധ് (Malayalam script)
• ᡧᠣᠸᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᠸᡳᢡ (Manchu script)
• 𑘫𑘿𑘪𑘰𑘪𑘱𑘠𑘿 (Modi script)
• ᠱᢦ᠎ᠠᠸᠢᢑᠾ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧋𑧠𑧊𑧑𑧊𑧒𑧀𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐱𑑂𑐰𑐵𑐰𑐶𑐢𑑂 (Newa script)
• ଶ୍ଵାଵିଧ୍ (Odia script)
• ꢯ꣄ꢮꢵꢮꢶꢤ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆯𑇀𑆮𑆳𑆮𑆴𑆣𑇀 (Sharada script)
• 𑖫𑖿𑖪𑖯𑖪𑖰𑖠𑖿 (Siddham script)
• ශ‍්වාවිධ් (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩿 𑪙𑩾𑩛𑩾𑩑𑩮 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚧𑚶𑚦𑚭𑚦𑚮𑚜𑚶 (Takri script)
• ஶ்வாவித்⁴ (Tamil script)
• శ్వావిధ్ (Telugu script)
• ศฺวาวิธฺ (Thai script)
• ཤྭཱ་ཝི་དྷ྄ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒬𑓂𑒫𑒰𑒫𑒱𑒡𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨮𑩇𑨭𑨊𑨭𑨁𑨜𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *śwaHwídʰ-, from *śwá (“dog”) + *Hwídʰ- (“piercing, perforating, wounding”), from the zero grades of Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ (“dog”) and *h₁weydʰh₁- respectively. Literally "dog-piercer". See also व्यध् (vyadh, “to pierce, hurt”, root). The constituent components are श्वन् (śvan, “dog”) +‎ व्यध् (vyadh, “to pierce”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɕʋɑː.ʋídʱ/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈɕʋɑː.ʋid̪ʱ/

Noun

श्वाविध् • (śvāvídh) stem, m

1. a porcupine
   • c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda 5.13.9:

     कर्णा श्वावित्तदब्रवीद्गिरेरवचरन्तिका ।
     याः काश्चेमाः खनित्रिमास्तासामरसतमं विषम् ॥

     karṇā śvāvittadabravīdgireravacarantikā.
     yāḥ kāścemāḥ khanitrimāstāsāmarasatamaṃ viṣam.

     Dwelling beside the mountain's slope, the quick-eared porcupine exclaimed:
     The poison which is in all these she-snakes homed in earth is most powerless.

Declension

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Derived terms

• श्वाविच्छरण (śvāviccharaṇa, “porcupine's lair”)
• श्वाविच्छललित (śvāvicchalalita, “furnished with porcupine quills”)
• श्वाविद्गर्त (śvāvidgarta, “porcupine's lair”)
• श्वाविद्रोमन् (śvāvidroman, “quill of a porcupine”)
• श्वाविल्लोमन् (śvāvilloman, “quill of a porcupine”)

Descendants

• Dardic:
  • Kalasha: šu
  • Khowar: شُو (šu)
• Pali: sāmi
• Prakrit: 𑀲𑀸𑀯𑀺𑀳 (sāviha)
  • Magadhi Prakrit:
    • Odia: ସାଇଁ (saĩ)
  • Sauraseni Prakrit:
    • Gujarati: શાહુડી (śāhuḍī)
    • Hindustani:

      Hindi: साही (sāhī)

      Urdu: ساہی (sāhī)

Further reading

• Monier Williams (1899) “श्वाविध्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1105.
• Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “श्वाविध्”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “śvāvídh”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “śvāvídh-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume II, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 678