ἅμαξα

See also: αμαξά, άμαξα, ἀμάξα, ἁμάξα, and ἄμαξα

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

ᾰ̓́μᾰξᾰ (ắmăxă) — Epic, Ionic

Etymology

Traditionally derived as a ᾰ̔́μᾰ (hắmă, “at once”) +‎ ᾰ̓́ξ(ων) (ắx(ōn), “axle”) +‎ -ῐᾰ (-ĭă, nominal suffix), literally “one-axler”. Other theories include a relation to ᾰ̓́γω (ắgō, “to lead; to guide”), as well as Tocharian B amäkṣpänte (“wagonmaster”).

Beekes rejects these theories (noting that a "one-axler" formation makes less sense than a "two-axler" formation) and considers the word Pre-Greek, based on the Cypriot variant ἀβακλή (abaklḗ).^[1]

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /há.mak.sa/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈ(h)a.mak.sa/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈa.mak.sa/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈa.mak.sa/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈa.mak.sa/

Noun

ᾰ̔́μᾰξᾰ • (hắmăxă) f (genitive ᾰ̔μᾰ́ξης); first declension

wagon
Synonym: ᾰ̓πήνη (ăpḗnē)

Declension

First declension of ἡ ᾰ̔́μᾰξᾰ; τῆς ᾰ̔μᾰ́ξης (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ ᾰ̔́μᾰξᾰ hē hắmăxă	τὼ ᾰ̔μᾰ́ξᾱ tṑ hămắxā	αἱ ᾰ̔́μᾰξαι hai hắmăxai
Genitive	τῆς ᾰ̔μᾰ́ξης tês hămắxēs	τοῖν ᾰ̔μᾰ́ξαιν toîn hămắxain	τῶν ᾰ̔μᾰξῶν tôn hămăxôn
Dative	τῇ ᾰ̔μᾰ́ξῃ tēî hămắxēi	τοῖν ᾰ̔μᾰ́ξαιν toîn hămắxain	ταῖς ᾰ̔μᾰ́ξαις taîs hămắxais
Accusative	τὴν ᾰ̔́μᾰξᾰν tḕn hắmăxăn	τὼ ᾰ̔μᾰ́ξᾱ tṑ hămắxā	τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̔μᾰ́ξᾱς tā̀s hămắxās
Vocative	ᾰ̔́μᾰξᾰ hắmăxă	ᾰ̔μᾰ́ξᾱ hămắxā	ᾰ̔́μᾰξαι hắmăxai
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

ᾰ̔μᾰξαῖος (hămăxaîos)
ᾰ̔μᾰξᾰ́ρῐος (hămăxắrĭos)
ᾰ̔μᾰξελᾰ́της (hămăxelắtēs)
ᾰ̔μᾰξεύς (hămăxeús)
ᾰ̔μᾰξεύω (hămăxeúō)
ᾰ̔μᾰξηγέω (hămăxēgéō)
ᾰ̔μᾰξηγός (hămăxēgós)
ᾰ̔μᾰξηλᾰτέω (hămăxēlătéō)
ᾰ̔μᾰξηλᾰ́της (hămăxēlắtēs)
ᾰ̔μᾰξήρης (hămăxḗrēs)
ᾰ̔μᾰξῐαῖος (hămăxĭaîos)
ᾰ̔μᾰξῐ́δῐον (hămăxĭ́dĭon)
ᾰ̔μᾰξῐεύς (hămăxĭeús)
ᾰ̔μᾰξῐκός (hămăxĭkós)
ᾰ̔μᾰ́ξῐον (hămắxĭon)
ᾰ̔μᾰξῐ́ς (hămăxĭ́s)
ᾰ̔μᾰξῑ́της (hămăxī́tēs)
ᾰ̔μᾰξῖτῐς (hămăxîtĭs)
ᾰ̔μᾰξῐτός (hămăxĭtós)
ᾰ̔μᾰ́ξῐτος (hămắxĭtos)
ᾰ̔μᾰξόβῐος (hămăxóbĭos)
ᾰ̔μᾰξόθεν (hămăxóthen)
ᾰ̔μᾰ́ξοικος (hămắxoikos)
ᾰ̔μᾰξολᾰ́της (hămăxolắtēs)
ᾰ̔μᾰξοπηγός (hămăxopēgós)
ᾰ̔μᾰξόποδες (hămăxópodes)
ᾰ̔μᾰξοποιός (hămăxopoiós)
ᾰ̔μᾰξοτροχός (hămăxotrokhós)
ᾰ̔μᾰξουργός (hămăxourgós)
ᾰ̔μᾰξοφόρητος (hămăxophórētos)
ᾰ̔ρμᾰ́μᾰξᾰ (hărmắmăxă)

Descendants

Greek: άμαξα (ámaxa)
Latin: hamaxa

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ἅμαξα”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 81-2