ἐξεῖπον

Ancient Greek

Etymology

ἐξ- (ex-) +‎ εἶπον (eîpon)

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ek.sêː.pon/ → /ekˈsi.pon/ → /ekˈsi.pon/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ek.sêː.pon/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ekˈsi.pon/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ekˈsi.pon/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ekˈsi.pon/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ekˈsi.pon/

Verb

ἐξεῖπον • (exeîpon)

1. to speak out
2. to declare

Usage notes

In Homer the future is supplied by ἐξερέω, as with εἶπον/ἐρέω, and it is the future tense that is most frequently used, because the word comes up when speaker is introducing and emphasizing what they are about to say. The word is used in Homer (sometimes with tmesis, Iliad 2.257) in a certain set phrase or variations of it. As an example of the version most frequently repeated verbatim, Iliad 1.212 has an invisible Athena making a secret promise to Achilles:

ὧδε γὰρ ἐξερέω, τὸ δὲ καὶ τετελεσμένον ἔσται·

For this I declare, and it shall be accomplished:

From the context of this and other usages (e.g., Iliad 2.257), this Homeric phrase does not connote what English "speaking out" does: a brave and open declaration of a vulnerable person, who risks consequences of their words. Rather, εξ- suggests that once the words are "out there," they cannot be taken back, so the speaker is committed to what they have said.

Conjugation

   Aorist: ἐξεῖπον, ἐξειπόμην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐξεῖπον	ἐξεῖπες	ἐξεῖπε(ν)	ἐξείπετον	ἐξειπέτην	ἐξείπομεν	ἐξείπετε	ἐξεῖπον
	subjunctive	ἐξείπω	ἐξείπῃς	ἐξείπῃ	ἐξείπητον	ἐξείπητον	ἐξείπωμεν	ἐξείπητε	ἐξείπωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἐξείποιμῐ	ἐξείποις	ἐξείποι	ἐξείποιτον	ἐξειποίτην	ἐξείποιμεν	ἐξείποιτε	ἐξείποιεν
	imperative		ἔξειπε	ἐξειπέτω	ἐξείπετον	ἐξειπέτων		ἐξείπετε	ἐξειπόντων
middle	indicative	ἐξειπόμην	ἐξείπου	ἐξείπετο	ἐξείπεσθον	ἐξειπέσθην	ἐξειπόμεθᾰ	ἐξείπεσθε	ἐξείποντο
	subjunctive	ἐξείπωμαι	ἐξείπῃ	ἐξείπηται	ἐξείπησθον	ἐξείπησθον	ἐξειπώμεθᾰ	ἐξείπησθε	ἐξείπωνται
	optative	ἐξειποίμην	ἐξείποιο	ἐξείποιτο	ἐξείποισθον	ἐξειποίσθην	ἐξειποίμεθᾰ	ἐξείποισθε	ἐξείποιντο
	imperative		ἐξειποῦ	ἐξειπέσθω	ἐξείπεσθον	ἐξειπέσθων		ἐξείπεσθε	ἐξειπέσθων
		active			middle
infinitive		ἐξειπεῖν			ἐξειπέσθαι
participle	m	ἐξειπών			ἐξειπόμενος
	f	ἐξειποῦσᾰ			ἐξειπομένη
	n	ἐξειπόν			ἐξειπόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Future: ἐξερέω, ἐξερέομαι (Uncontracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐξερέω	ἐξερέεις	ἐξερέει	ἐξερέετον	ἐξερέετον	ἐξερέομεν	ἐξερέετε	ἐξερέουσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἐξερέοιμῐ	ἐξερέοις	ἐξερέοι	ἐξερέοιτον	ἐξερεοίτην	ἐξερέοιμεν	ἐξερέοιτε	ἐξερέοιεν
middle	indicative	ἐξερέομαι	ἐξερέῃ, ἐξερέει	ἐξερέεται	ἐξερέεσθον	ἐξερέεσθον	ἐξερεόμεθᾰ	ἐξερέεσθε	ἐξερέονται
	optative	ἐξερεοίμην	ἐξερέοιο	ἐξερέοιτο	ἐξερέοισθον	ἐξερεοίσθην	ἐξερεοίμεθᾰ	ἐξερέοισθε	ἐξερέοιντο
		active			middle
infinitive		ἐξερέειν			ἐξερέεσθαι
participle	m	ἐξερέων			ἐξερεόμενος
	f	ἐξερέουσᾰ			ἐξερεομένη
	n	ἐξερέον			ἐξερεόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Future: ἐξερῶ, ἐξεροῦμαι (Contracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐξερῶ	ἐξερεῖς	ἐξερεῖ	ἐξερεῖτον	ἐξερεῖτον	ἐξεροῦμεν	ἐξερεῖτε	ἐξεροῦσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἐξεροίην, ἐξεροῖμῐ	ἐξεροίης, ἐξεροῖς	ἐξεροίη, ἐξεροῖ	ἐξεροῖτον, ἐξεροίητον	ἐξεροίτην, ἐξεροιήτην	ἐξεροῖμεν, ἐξεροίημεν	ἐξεροῖτε, ἐξεροίητε	ἐξεροῖεν, ἐξεροίησᾰν
middle	indicative	ἐξεροῦμαι	ἐξερῇ	ἐξερεῖται	ἐξερεῖσθον	ἐξερεῖσθον	ἐξερούμεθᾰ	ἐξερεῖσθε	ἐξεροῦνται
	optative	ἐξεροίμην	ἐξεροῖο	ἐξεροῖτο	ἐξεροῖσθον	ἐξεροίσθην	ἐξεροίμεθᾰ	ἐξεροῖσθε	ἐξεροῖντο
		active			middle
infinitive		ἐξερεῖν			ἐξερεῖσθαι
participle	m	ἐξερῶν			ἐξερούμενος
	f	ἐξεροῦσᾰ			ἐξερουμένη
	n	ἐξεροῦν			ἐξερούμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Further reading

• “ἐξεῖπον”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• ἐξεῖπον in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• ἐξεῖπον in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• “ἐξεῖπον”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ἐξεῖπον”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • declare idem, page 201.
  • narrate idem, page 551.
  • profess idem, page 653.
  • recount idem, page 681.
  • relate idem, page 689.
  • report idem, page 697.
  • speak idem, page 798.
  • tell idem, page 859.