ὑπακούω

See also: υπακούω

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From ὑπο- (hupo-, “under”) +‎ ἀκούω (akoúō, “to listen”)

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /hy.pa.kǔː.ɔː/ → /y.paˈku.o/ → /i.paˈku.o/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /hy.pa.kǔː.ɔː/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /(h)y.paˈku.o/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /y.paˈku.o/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /y.paˈku.o/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /i.paˈku.o/

Verb

ῠ̔πᾰκούω • (hupakoúō)

1. (absolute) to listen, hearken, give ear
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 8.4
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 14.485
   • 7th–6th centuries BC, Homeric Hymn to Aphrodite 180
   • 422 BCE, Aristophanes, The Wasps 318
   • 389 BCE – 314 BCE, Aeschines, Against Ctesiphon 56
   1. to make answer when called
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 4.283
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 10.83
      • 438 BCE, Euripides, Alcestis 400
      • 422 BCE, Aristophanes, The Wasps 273
      • 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Theocritus, Collected Works 13.59
      • 440 BCE – 390 BCE, Andocides, On the Mysteries 112
      • 425 BCE, Aristophanes, Lysistrata 878
      • 423 BCE, Aristophanes, The Clouds 360
      • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Agesilaus 3.4
      • 389 BCE – 314 BCE, Aeschines, Against Timarchus 49
      • 343 BCE, Demosthenes, On the False Embassy 266
   2. (with the genitive of object) to listen or hearken to, give ear to, heed, attend to
      • 366 BCE – 348 BCE, Plato, Theaetetus 162D
      • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 8.1.20
      • 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 708D
      • 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 459C
      • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Politics 1333A.18
      • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 5.98
      • 250 CE – 350 CE, Athenaeus, Deipnosophistae 6.247D
      • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.148
      • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 4.119
      • 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Protagoras 325A
      • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 2.2.3
      • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.29
      • 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 774B
2. (special senses)
   1. (of porters) to answer a knock at the door
      • 400 BCE – 387 BCE, Plato, Crito 43A
      • 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedo 59E
      • New Testament, Acts of the Apostles 12:13
      • 371 BCE – 287 BCE, Theophrastus, Characters 4.9
      • 371 BCE – 287 BCE, Theophrastus, Characters 28.3
      • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Symposium 1.11
      • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Evergus and Mnesibulus 35
   2. (of a judge) to listen to a complaint
      • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 8.1.18
      • 4th century BC, Isaeus, Nicostratus 28
      • 343 BCE, Demosthenes, On the False Embassy 257
      • 390 BCE – 322 BCE, Hyperides, In Defence of Euxenippus 2
   3. (of dependents, subjects) to obey, submit to
      • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.101
      • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 4.56
      • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 6.82
      • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.61
      • 90 CE – 168 CE, Ptolemy, Tetrabiblos 35
   4. to answer one's expectations, to succeed
      • 125 CE – 200 CE, Lucian, Icaromenippus 10
      • 64 BCE – 24 CE, Strabo, Geography 9.1.23
   5. (figuratively) to be subject to the sun's rays
      • 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Olympian Ode 3.24
      • 371 BCE – 287 BCE, Theophrastus, On the Causes of Plants 1.15.1
      • 371 BCE – 287 BCE, Theophrastus, On the Causes of Plants 5.4.2
      • 129 CE – 216 CE, Galen, Collected Works 18.68
   6. (of ailments) to yield, give way to a remedy
      • 460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, Epidemics 3.8
      • 129 CE – 216 CE, Galen, Collected Works 6.354
      • 460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, Prorrhetics 2.39
      • 50 CE – 150 CE, Soranus, Collected Works 1.122
      • 129 CE – 216 CE, Galen, Collected Works 6.439
      • 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Theseus 1
      • 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Archytas, Collected Works 1
      • 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Moralia 2.802B
      • 460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, Epidemics 4.45
      • 50 CE – 150 CE, Soranus, Collected Works 2.62
   7. to concede a point in a dispute
      • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Topics 161B.15
3. to understand under
   • 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Philebus 31C
   • 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Moralia 2.23C
   • 110 BCE – 35 BCE, Philodemus, On Poems 5.35
   1. (grammar) to understand a word omitted
      • 50 CE – 250 CE, Apollonius Dyscolus, On Syntax 22.21
      • 50 CE – 250 CE, Apollonius Dyscolus, On Pronouns 68.15

Inflection

(deprecated template usage)

    Present: ὑπακούω, ὑπακούομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
present		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ὑπακούω	ὑπακούεις	ὑπακούει	ὑπακούετον	ὑπακούετον	ὑπακούομεν	ὑπακούετε	ὑπακούουσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ὑπακούω	ὑπακούῃς	ὑπακούῃ	ὑπακούητον	ὑπακούητον	ὑπακούωμεν	ὑπακούητε	ὑπακούωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ὑπακούοιμῐ	ὑπακούοις	ὑπακούοι	ὑπακούοιτον	ὑπακουοίτην	ὑπακούοιμεν	ὑπακούοιτε	ὑπακούοιεν
	imperative		ὑπάκουε	ὑπακουέτω	ὑπακούετον	ὑπακουέτων		ὑπακούετε	ὑπακουόντων
middle/ passive	indicative	ὑπακούομαι	ὑπακούει/ ὑπακούῃ	ὑπακούεται	ὑπακούεσθον	ὑπακούεσθον	ὑπακουόμεθᾰ	ὑπακούεσθε	ὑπακούονται
	subjunctive	ὑπακούωμαι	ὑπακούῃ	ὑπακούηται	ὑπακούησθον	ὑπακούησθον	ὑπακουώμεθᾰ	ὑπακούησθε	ὑπακούωνται
	optative	ὑπακουοίμην	ὑπακούοιο	ὑπακούοιτο	ὑπακούοισθον	ὑπακουοίσθην	ὑπακουοίμεθᾰ	ὑπακούοισθε	ὑπακούοιντο
	imperative		ὑπακούου	ὑπακουέσθω	ὑπακούεσθον	ὑπακουέσθων		ὑπακούεσθε	ὑπακουέσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		ὑπακούειν				ὑπακούεσθαι
participle		ὑπακούων, ὑπακούουσᾰ, ὑπάκουον				ὑπακουόμενος, ὑπακουομένη, ὑπακουόμενον

(deprecated template usage)

    Future: ὑπακούσομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
future		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle	indicative	ὑπακούσομαι	ὑπακούσει/ ὑπακούσῃ	ὑπακούσεται	ὑπακούσεσθον	ὑπακούσεσθον	ὑπακουσόμεθᾰ	ὑπακούσεσθε	ὑπακούσονται
	optative	ὑπακουσοίμην	ὑπακούσοιο	ὑπακούσοιτο	ὑπακούσοισθον	ὑπακουσοίσθην	ὑπακουσοίμεθᾰ	ὑπακούσοισθε	ὑπακούσοιντο
		infinitive				participle
infinitive		ὑπακούσεσθαι				ὑπακουσόμενος, ὑπακουσομένη, ὑπακουσόμενον

Descendants

• Greek: υπακούω (ypakoúo)

Further reading

• “ὑπακούω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ὑπακούω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “ὑπακούω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• ὑπακούω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• ὑπακούω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• “ὑπακούω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• G5219 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible