ⳉⲱⲡⲉ
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Coptic
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- ϣⲱⲡⲉ (šōpe) — Sahidic, Lycopolitan, Old Coptic
- ϣⲱⲡⲓ (šōpi) — Bohairic, Fayyumic
- ⳋⲱⲡⲉ (çōpe) — Dialect P
- ⳃⲱⲡⲉ (çōpe) — Proto-Lycopolitan
Etymology
[edit]From Demotic ḫpr, from Egyptian ḫpr (“become”).
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Verb
[edit]Conjugation
[edit] Conjugation of ⳉⲱⲡⲉ (Akhmimic dialect)
infinitive | affirmative | ⳉⲱⲡⲉ xōpe |
imperative | affirmative | ⳉⲱⲡⲉ xōpe |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
negative | ⲧⲙ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ tm̄xōpe, tm̄n̄xōpe |
negative | ⲙ̄ⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ m̄n̄xōpe |
singular | plural | nominal | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||||||
masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | ||||||||
durative sentence | |||||||||||
ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛⲉ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩ | - | |||
present | basic | ϯⳉⲱⲡⲉ tixōpe |
ⲕⳉⲱⲡⲉ kxōpe |
ⲧⲉⳉⲱⲡⲉ texōpe |
ϥⳉⲱⲡⲉ fxōpe |
ⲥⳉⲱⲡⲉ sxōpe |
ⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ tn̄xōpe |
ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ tetn̄xōpe |
ⲥⲉⳉⲱⲡⲉ sexōpe |
ⳉⲱⲡⲉ xōpe | |
circumstantial | ⲉⲓ̈ⳉⲱⲡⲉ eïxōpe |
ⲉⲕⳉⲱⲡⲉ ekxōpe |
ⲉⲣⲉⳉⲱⲡⲉ erexōpe |
ⲉϥⳉⲱⲡⲉ efxōpe |
ⲉⲥⳉⲱⲡⲉ esxōpe |
ⲉⲛⳉⲱⲡⲉ enxōpe |
ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ etetn̄xōpe |
ⲉⲩⳉⲱⲡⲉ euxōpe |
ⲉ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉⲣⲉ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ e- xōpe, ere- xōpe | ||
relative | ⲉϯⳉⲱⲡⲉ etixōpe |
ⲉⲧⲕⳉⲱⲡⲉ etkxōpe |
ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⳉⲱⲡⲉ etexōpe, eterexōpe |
ⲉⲧϥⳉⲱⲡⲉ etfxōpe |
ⲉⲧⲥⳉⲱⲡⲉ etsxōpe |
ⲉⲧⲛⳉⲱⲡⲉ etnxōpe |
ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ etetn̄xōpe |
ⲉⲧⲟⲩⳉⲱⲡⲉ etouxōpe |
ⲉⲧⲉ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ ete- xōpe, etere- xōpe | ||
preterite | ⲛⲁⲓ̈ⳉⲱⲡⲉ naïxōpe |
ⲛⲁⲕⳉⲱⲡⲉ nakxōpe |
ⲛⲁⲣⲉⳉⲱⲡⲉ narexōpe |
ⲛⲁϥⳉⲱⲡⲉ nafxōpe |
ⲛⲁⲥⳉⲱⲡⲉ nasxōpe |
ⲛⲁⲛⳉⲱⲡⲉ nanxōpe |
ⲛⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ natetn̄xōpe |
ⲛⲁⲩⳉⲱⲡⲉ nauxōpe |
ⲛⲁ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ na- xōpe, nare- xōpe | ||
focalising | ⲁⲓⳉⲱⲡⲉ aixōpe |
ⲁⲕⳉⲱⲡⲉ akxōpe |
ⲁⲣⲉⳉⲱⲡⲉ arexōpe |
ⲁϥⳉⲱⲡⲉ afxōpe |
ⲁⲥⳉⲱⲡⲉ asxōpe |
ⲁⲛⳉⲱⲡⲉ anxōpe |
ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⳉⲱⲡⲉ aretenxōpe |
ⲁⲩⳉⲱⲡⲉ auxōpe |
ⲁ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲁⲣ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ a- xōpe, ar- xōpe, are- xōpe | ||
future | basic | ϯⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ tinaxōpe |
ⲕⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ knaxōpe |
ⲧⲉⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ tenaxōpe |
ϥⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ fnaxōpe |
ⲥⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ snaxōpe |
ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ tn̄naxōpe |
ⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ tetnaxōpe |
ⲥⲉⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ senaxōpe |
ⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ naxōpe | |
circumstantial | ⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ eïnaxōpe |
ⲉⲕⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ eknaxōpe |
ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ erenaxōpe |
ⲉϥⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ efnaxōpe |
ⲉⲥⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ esnaxōpe |
ⲉⲛⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ ennaxōpe |
ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ etetnaxōpe |
ⲉⲩⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ eunaxōpe |
ⲉ- ⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ e- naxōpe | ||
relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ etinaxōpe |
ⲉⲧⲕⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ etknaxōpe |
ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ etenaxōpe, eterenaxōpe |
ⲉⲧϥⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ etfnaxōpe |
ⲉⲧⲥⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ etsnaxōpe |
ⲉⲧⲛⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ etnnaxōpe |
ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ etetnaxōpe |
ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ etounaxōpe |
ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ ete- naxōpe | ||
preterite | ⲛⲁⲓ̈ⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ naïnaxōpe |
ⲛⲁⲕⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ naknaxōpe |
ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ narenaxōpe |
ⲛⲁϥⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ nafnaxōpe |
ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ nasnaxōpe |
ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ nannaxōpe |
ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ netetnaxōpe |
ⲛⲁⲩⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ naunaxōpe |
ⲛⲁ- ⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ na- naxōpe | ||
focalising | ⲁⲓⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ ainaxōpe |
ⲁⲕⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉⲕⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ aknaxōpe, eknaxōpe |
ⲁⲣⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ araxōpe |
ⲁϥⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ afnaxōpe |
ⲁⲥⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ asnaxōpe |
ⲁⲛⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ annaxōpe |
ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ aretennaxōpe |
ⲁⲩⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ aunaxōpe |
ⲁ- ⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ a- naxōpe, are- naxōpe | ||
negated with | … ⲉⲛ … en | ||||||||||
non-durative sentence | |||||||||||
ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛⲉ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩ | - | |||
past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓ̈ⳉⲱⲡⲉ aïxōpe |
ⲁⲕⳉⲱⲡⲉ akxōpe |
ⲁⲣⳉⲱⲡⲉ arxōpe |
ⲁϥⳉⲱⲡⲉ afxōpe |
ⲁⲥⳉⲱⲡⲉ asxōpe |
ⲁⲛⳉⲱⲡⲉ anxōpe |
ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ atetn̄xōpe |
ⲁⲩⳉⲱⲡⲉ auxōpe |
ⲁ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ a- xōpe |
negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲓⳉⲱⲡⲉ m̄pixōpe |
ⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ m̄pk̄xōpe |
ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ m̄pexōpe, m̄pr̄xōpe |
ⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ m̄pf̄xōpe |
ⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ m̄ps̄xōpe |
ⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ m̄pn̄xōpe |
ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ m̄petn̄xōpe |
ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⳉⲱⲡⲉ m̄pouxōpe |
ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ m̄pe- xōpe | ||
circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓ̈ⳉⲱⲡⲉ eaïxōpe |
ⲉⲁⲕⳉⲱⲡⲉ eakxōpe |
ⲉⲁⲣⳉⲱⲡⲉ earxōpe |
ⲉⲁϥⳉⲱⲡⲉ eafxōpe |
ⲉⲁⲥⳉⲱⲡⲉ easxōpe |
ⲉⲁⲛⳉⲱⲡⲉ eanxōpe |
ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ eatetn̄xōpe |
ⲉⲁⲩⳉⲱⲡⲉ eauxōpe |
ⲉⲁ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ ea- xōpe | |
negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⳉⲱⲡⲉ em̄pixōpe |
ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ em̄pk̄xōpe |
ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ em̄pexōpe, em̄pr̄xōpe |
ⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ em̄pf̄xōpe |
ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ em̄ps̄xōpe |
ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ em̄pn̄xōpe |
ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ em̄petn̄xōpe |
ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⳉⲱⲡⲉ em̄pouxōpe |
ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ em̄pe- xōpe | ||
relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓ̈ⳉⲱⲡⲉ etaïxōpe |
ⲉⲧⲁⲕⳉⲱⲡⲉ etakxōpe |
ⲉⲧⲁⲣⳉⲱⲡⲉ etarxōpe |
ⲉⲧⲁϥⳉⲱⲡⲉ etafxōpe |
ⲉⲧⲁⲥⳉⲱⲡⲉ etasxōpe |
ⲉⲧⲁⲛⳉⲱⲡⲉ etanxōpe |
ⲉⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ etatetn̄xōpe |
ⲉⲧⲁⲩⳉⲱⲡⲉ etauxōpe |
ⲉⲧⲁ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ eta- xōpe | |
negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⳉⲱⲡⲉ etem̄pixōpe |
ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ etem̄pk̄xōpe |
ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ etem̄pexōpe, etem̄pr̄xōpe |
ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ etem̄pf̄xōpe |
ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ etem̄ps̄xōpe |
ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ etem̄pn̄xōpe |
ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ etem̄petn̄xōpe |
ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⳉⲱⲡⲉ etem̄pouxōpe |
ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ etem̄pe- xōpe | ||
preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓ̈ⳉⲱⲡⲉ neaïxōpe |
ⲛⲉⲁⲕⳉⲱⲡⲉ neakxōpe |
ⲛⲉⲁⲣⳉⲱⲡⲉ nearxōpe |
ⲛⲉⲁϥⳉⲱⲡⲉ neafxōpe |
ⲛⲉⲁⲥⳉⲱⲡⲉ neasxōpe |
ⲛⲉⲁⲛⳉⲱⲡⲉ neanxōpe |
ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ neatetn̄xōpe |
ⲛⲉⲁⲩⳉⲱⲡⲉ neauxōpe |
ⲛⲉⲁ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ nea- xōpe | |
negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⳉⲱⲡⲉ nem̄pixōpe |
ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ nem̄pk̄xōpe |
ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ nem̄pexōpe, nem̄pr̄xōpe |
ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ nem̄pf̄xōpe |
ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ nem̄ps̄xōpe |
ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ nem̄pn̄xōpe |
ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ nem̄petn̄xōpe |
ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⳉⲱⲡⲉ nem̄pouxōpe |
ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ nem̄pe- xōpe | ||
focalising | affirmative | ⲛⲁⲓ̈ⳉⲱⲡⲉ naïxōpe |
ⲛⲁⲕⳉⲱⲡⲉ nakxōpe |
ⲛⲁⲣⳉⲱⲡⲉ narxōpe |
ⲛⲁϥⳉⲱⲡⲉ nafxōpe |
ⲛⲁⲥⳉⲱⲡⲉ nasxōpe |
ⲛⲁⲛⳉⲱⲡⲉ nanxōpe |
ⲛⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ natetn̄xōpe |
ⲛⲁⲩⳉⲱⲡⲉ nauxōpe |
ⲛⲁ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ na- xōpe | |
expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⳉⲱⲡⲉ m̄patixōpe |
ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ m̄patk̄xōpe |
ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⳉⲱⲡⲉ m̄patexōpe |
ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ m̄patf̄xōpe |
ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ m̄pats̄xōpe |
ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ m̄patn̄xōpe |
ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ m̄patetn̄xōpe |
ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⳉⲱⲡⲉ m̄patouxōpe |
ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ m̄pate- xōpe |
circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⳉⲱⲡⲉ em̄patixōpe |
ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ em̄patk̄xōpe |
ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⳉⲱⲡⲉ em̄patexōpe |
ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ em̄patf̄xōpe |
ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ em̄pats̄xōpe |
ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ em̄patn̄xōpe |
ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ em̄patetn̄xōpe |
ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⳉⲱⲡⲉ em̄patouxōpe |
ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ em̄pate- xōpe | |
relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⳉⲱⲡⲉ etem̄patixōpe |
ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ etem̄patk̄xōpe |
ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⳉⲱⲡⲉ etem̄patexōpe |
ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ etem̄patf̄xōpe |
ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ etem̄pats̄xōpe |
ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ etem̄patn̄xōpe |
ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ etem̄patetn̄xōpe |
ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⳉⲱⲡⲉ etem̄patouxōpe |
ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ etem̄pate- xōpe | |
preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⳉⲱⲡⲉ nem̄patixōpe |
ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ nem̄patk̄xōpe |
ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⳉⲱⲡⲉ nem̄patexōpe |
ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ nem̄patf̄xōpe |
ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ nem̄pats̄xōpe |
ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ nem̄patn̄xōpe |
ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ nem̄patetn̄xōpe |
ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⳉⲱⲡⲉ nem̄patouxōpe |
ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ nem̄pate- xōpe | |
aorist | basic | affirmative | ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲓ̈ⳉⲱⲡⲉ xareïxōpe |
ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲕⳉⲱⲡⲉ xarekxōpe |
ⳉⲁⲣⲉⳉⲱⲡⲉ xarexōpe |
ⳉⲁⲣⲉϥⳉⲱⲡⲉ xarefxōpe |
ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲥⳉⲱⲡⲉ xaresxōpe |
ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲛⳉⲱⲡⲉ xarenxōpe |
ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ xaretetn̄xōpe |
ⳉⲁⲣⲟⲩⳉⲱⲡⲉ xarouxōpe |
ⳉⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ xare- xōpe |
negative | ⲙⲁⲓ̈ⳉⲱⲡⲉ maïxōpe |
ⲙⲁⲕⳉⲱⲡⲉ makxōpe |
ⲙⲁⲣⲉⳉⲱⲡⲉ marexōpe |
ⲙⲁϥⳉⲱⲡⲉ mafxōpe |
ⲙⲁⲥⳉⲱⲡⲉ masxōpe |
ⲙⲁⲛⳉⲱⲡⲉ manxōpe |
ⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ matetn̄xōpe |
ⲙⲁⲩⳉⲱⲡⲉ mauxōpe |
ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲙⲁ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ mare- xōpe, ma- xōpe | ||
circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲓ̈ⳉⲱⲡⲉ exareïxōpe |
ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲕⳉⲱⲡⲉ exarekxōpe |
ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⳉⲱⲡⲉ exarexōpe |
ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉϥⳉⲱⲡⲉ exarefxōpe |
ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲥⳉⲱⲡⲉ exaresxōpe |
ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲛⳉⲱⲡⲉ exarenxōpe |
ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ exaretetn̄xōpe |
ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲟⲩⳉⲱⲡⲉ exarouxōpe |
ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ exare- xōpe | |
negative | ⲉⲙⲁⲓ̈ⳉⲱⲡⲉ emaïxōpe |
ⲉⲙⲁⲕⳉⲱⲡⲉ emakxōpe |
ⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉⳉⲱⲡⲉ emarexōpe |
ⲉⲙⲁϥⳉⲱⲡⲉ emafxōpe |
ⲉⲙⲁⲥⳉⲱⲡⲉ emasxōpe |
ⲉⲙⲁⲛⳉⲱⲡⲉ emanxōpe |
ⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ ematetn̄xōpe |
ⲉⲙⲁⲩⳉⲱⲡⲉ emauxōpe |
ⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉⲙⲁ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ emare- xōpe, ema- xōpe | ||
relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲓ̈ⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲓ̈ⳉⲱⲡⲉ etexareïxōpe, etxareïxōpe |
ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲕⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲕⳉⲱⲡⲉ etexarekxōpe, etxarekxōpe |
ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⳉⲱⲡⲉ etexarexōpe, etxarexōpe |
ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉϥⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉϥⳉⲱⲡⲉ etexarefxōpe, etxarefxōpe |
ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲥⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲥⳉⲱⲡⲉ etexaresxōpe, etxaresxōpe |
ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲛⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲛⳉⲱⲡⲉ etexarenxōpe, etxarenxōpe |
ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ etexaretetn̄xōpe, etxaretetn̄xōpe |
ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲟⲩⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲟⲩⳉⲱⲡⲉ etexarouxōpe, etxarouxōpe |
ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ etexare- xōpe, etxare- xōpe | |
negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲓ̈ⳉⲱⲡⲉ etemaïxōpe |
ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲕⳉⲱⲡⲉ etemakxōpe |
ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉⳉⲱⲡⲉ etemarexōpe |
ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁϥⳉⲱⲡⲉ etemafxōpe |
ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲥⳉⲱⲡⲉ etemasxōpe |
ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲛⳉⲱⲡⲉ etemanxōpe |
ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ etematetn̄xōpe |
ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲩⳉⲱⲡⲉ etemauxōpe |
ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ etemare- xōpe, etema- xōpe | ||
preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲓ̈ⳉⲱⲡⲉ nexareïxōpe |
ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲕⳉⲱⲡⲉ nexarekxōpe |
ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⳉⲱⲡⲉ nexarexōpe |
ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉϥⳉⲱⲡⲉ nexarefxōpe |
ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲥⳉⲱⲡⲉ nexaresxōpe |
ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲛⳉⲱⲡⲉ nexarenxōpe |
ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ nexaretetn̄xōpe |
ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲟⲩⳉⲱⲡⲉ nexarouxōpe |
ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ nexare- xōpe | |
negative | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲓ̈ⳉⲱⲡⲉ nemaïxōpe |
ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲕⳉⲱⲡⲉ nemakxōpe |
ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉⳉⲱⲡⲉ nemarexōpe |
ⲛⲉⲙⲁϥⳉⲱⲡⲉ nemafxōpe |
ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲥⳉⲱⲡⲉ nemasxōpe |
ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲛⳉⲱⲡⲉ nemanxōpe |
ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ nematetn̄xōpe |
ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲩⳉⲱⲡⲉ nemauxōpe |
ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲛⲉⲙⲁ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ nemare- xōpe, nema- xōpe | ||
focalising | affirmative | ⲁⲙⲁⲓ̈ⳉⲱⲡⲉ amaïxōpe |
ⲁⲙⲁⲕⳉⲱⲡⲉ amakxōpe |
ⲁⲙⲁⲣⲉⳉⲱⲡⲉ amarexōpe |
ⲁⲙⲁϥⳉⲱⲡⲉ amafxōpe |
ⲁⲙⲁⲥⳉⲱⲡⲉ amasxōpe |
ⲁⲙⲁⲛⳉⲱⲡⲉ amanxōpe |
ⲁⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ amatetn̄xōpe |
ⲁⲙⲁⲩⳉⲱⲡⲉ amauxōpe |
ⲁⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲙⲁ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ amare- xōpe, ma- xōpe | |
optative | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓ̈ⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ aïaxōpe |
ⲁⲕⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ akaxōpe |
ⲁⲣⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ araxōpe |
ⲁϥⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ afaxōpe |
ⲁⲥⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ asaxōpe |
ⲁⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ anaxōpe |
ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ atetnaxōpe |
ⲁⲩⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ auaxōpe |
ⲁ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ a- xōpe |
negative | ⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ naxōpe, enaxōpe |
ⲛⲉⲕⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉⲛⲉⲕⳉⲱⲡⲉ nekxōpe, enekxōpe |
ⲛⲉⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉⲛⲉⳉⲱⲡⲉ nexōpe, enexōpe |
ⲛⲉϥⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉⲛⲉϥⳉⲱⲡⲉ nefxōpe, enefxōpe |
ⲛⲉⲥⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉⲛⲉⲥⳉⲱⲡⲉ nesxōpe, enesxōpe |
ⲛⲉⲛⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉⲛⲉⲛⳉⲱⲡⲉ nenxōpe, enenxōpe |
ⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ netn̄xōpe, enetn̄xōpe |
ⲛⲉⲩⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉⲛⲉⲩⳉⲱⲡⲉ neuxōpe, eneuxōpe |
ⲛⲉ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ ne- xōpe | ||
jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓⳉⲱⲡⲉ marixōpe |
(use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⳉⲱⲡⲉ marefxōpe |
ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⳉⲱⲡⲉ maresxōpe |
ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ marn̄xōpe |
(use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩⳉⲱⲡⲉ marouxōpe |
ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ mare- xōpe | |
negative | ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ mn̄taxōpe |
ⲙⲛ̄ⲧϥ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ mn̄tf̄xōpe |
ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲥ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ mn̄ts̄xōpe |
ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ mn̄tn̄xōpe |
ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲩⳉⲱⲡⲉ mn̄touxōpe |
ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲉ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ mn̄te- xōpe | |||||
subordinate clause | |||||||||||
ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛⲉ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩ | - | |||
conjunctive | ⲧⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ taxōpe |
ⲕⳉⲱⲡⲉ kxōpe |
ⲧⲉⳉⲱⲡⲉ texōpe |
ϥⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲛ̄ⲧϥⳉⲱⲡⲉ fxōpe, n̄tfxōpe |
ⲥⳉⲱⲡⲉ sxōpe |
ⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ tn̄xōpe |
ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ tetn̄xōpe |
ⲥⲉⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲥⲟⲩⳉⲱⲡⲉ sexōpe, souxōpe |
ⲧⲉ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ te- xōpe | ||
future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓⳉⲱⲡⲉ tarixōpe |
ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⳉⲱⲡⲉ tarekxōpe |
ⲧⲁⲣⲉⳉⲱⲡⲉ tarexōpe |
ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⳉⲱⲡⲉ tarefxōpe |
ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⳉⲱⲡⲉ taresxōpe |
ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ tarn̄xōpe |
ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ taretetn̄xōpe |
ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⳉⲱⲡⲉ tarouxōpe |
ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ tare- xōpe | ||
precursive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲓⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲧⲁⲣⲓⳉⲱⲡⲉ n̄tarixōpe, tarixōpe |
ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⳉⲱⲡⲉ n̄tarekxōpe, tarekxōpe |
ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉⳉⲱⲡⲉ n̄tarexōpe, tarexōpe |
ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⳉⲱⲡⲉ n̄tarefxōpe, tarefxōpe |
ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⳉⲱⲡⲉ n̄taresxōpe, taresxōpe |
ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ n̄tarn̄xōpe, tarn̄xōpe |
ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ n̄taretn̄xōpe, taretn̄xōpe |
ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⳉⲱⲡⲉ n̄tarouxōpe, tarouxōpe |
ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ n̄tare- xōpe, tare- xōpe | ||
limitative | ϣⲁϯⳉⲱⲡⲉ šatixōpe |
ϣⲁⲧⲕ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ šatk̄xōpe |
ϣⲁⲧⲉⳉⲱⲡⲉ šatexōpe |
ϣⲁⲧϥ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ šatf̄xōpe |
ϣⲁⲧⲥ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ šats̄xōpe |
ϣⲁⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ šatn̄xōpe |
ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ šatetn̄xōpe |
ϣⲁⲧⲟⲩⳉⲱⲡⲉ šatouxōpe |
ϣⲁⲧⲉ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ šate- xōpe | ||
conditional | long | ⲁⲓ̈ϣⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉⲓ̈ϣⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ aïšaxōpe, eïšaxōpe |
ⲁⲕϣⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉⲕϣⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ akšaxōpe, ekšaxōpe |
ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉⲣⲉϣⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ arešaxōpe, erešaxōpe |
ⲁϥϣⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉϥϣⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ afšaxōpe, efšaxōpe |
ⲁⲥϣⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉⲥϣⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ asšaxōpe, esšaxōpe |
ⲁⲛϣⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉⲛϣⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ anšaxōpe, enšaxōpe |
ⲁϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ ašatetn̄xōpe, ešatetn̄xōpe |
ⲁⲩϣⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉⲩϣⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ aušaxōpe, eušaxōpe |
ⲁϣⲁ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉϣⲁ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ aša- xōpe, eša- xōpe | |
short | ⲁⲓ̈ⳉⲱⲡⲉ aïxōpe |
ⲁⲕⳉⲱⲡⲉ akxōpe |
ⲁⲣⲉⳉⲱⲡⲉ arexōpe |
ⲁϥⳉⲱⲡⲉ afxōpe |
ⲁⲥⳉⲱⲡⲉ asxōpe |
ⲁⲛⳉⲱⲡⲉ anxōpe |
ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ atetn̄xōpe |
ⲁⲩⳉⲱⲡⲉ auxōpe |
ⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ are- xōpe | ||
negated with | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ||||||||||