더럽다
Korean
Etymology
First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 더럽다 (Yale: telepta).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ˈtɘ(ː)ɾʌ̹p̚t͈a̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [더(ː)럽따]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | deoreopda |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | deoleobda |
| McCune–Reischauer? | tŏrŏpta |
| Yale Romanization? | tēlepta |
Adjective
더럽다 • (deoreopda) (irregular, infinitive 더러워, sequential 더러우니)
- to be dirty
Conjugation
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 더럽다 deoreopda |
더러워 deoreowo |
더러워요 deoreowoyo |
더럽습니다 deoreopseumnida |
| Past | 더러웠다 deoreowotda |
더러웠어 deoreowosseo |
더러웠어요 deoreowosseoyo |
더러웠습니다 deoreowotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 더러우냐 deoreounya |
더러워 deoreowo |
더러워요 deoreowoyo |
더럽습니까 deoreopseumnikka |
| Past | 더러웠냐 deoreowonnya |
더러웠어 deoreowosseo |
더러웠어요 deoreowosseoyo |
더러웠습니까 deoreowotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 더럽겠다 deoreopgetda |
더럽겠어 deoreopgesseo |
더럽겠어요 deoreopgesseoyo |
더럽겠습니다 deoreopgetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 더러워 deoreowo |
더러워서 deoreowoseo |
더러우니 deoreouni |
더러우니까 deoreounikka | |
| Contrast | 더럽지만 deoreopjiman |
더러운데 deoreounde |
더럽더니 deoreopdeoni |
||
| Conjunction | 더럽고 deoreopgo |
||||
| Condition | 더러우면 deoreoumyeon |
더러워야 deoreowoya |
|||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 더러움 deoreoum |
더럽기 deoreopgi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 더러웠음 deoreowosseum |
더러웠기 deoreowotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 더러운 deoreoun | |||
| Future | 더러울 deoreoul | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain (해라체) | Informal (해체) | Polite (해요체) | Formal (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 더러우시다 deoreousida |
더러우셔 deoreousyeo |
더러우세요, 더러우셔요 deoreouseyo, deoreousyeoyo |
더러우십니다 deoreousimnida |
| Past | 더러우셨다 deoreousyeotda |
더러우셨어 deoreousyeosseo |
더러우셨어요 deoreousyeosseoyo |
더러우셨습니다 deoreousyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 더러우시냐 deoreousinya |
더러우셔 deoreousyeo |
더러우세요, 더러우셔요 deoreouseyo, deoreousyeoyo |
더러우십니까 deoreousimnikka |
| Past | 더러우셨냐 deoreousyeonnya |
더러우셨어 deoreousyeosseo |
더러우셨어요 deoreousyeosseoyo |
더러우셨습니까 deoreousyeotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 더러우시겠다 deoreousigetda |
더러우시겠어 deoreousigesseo |
더러우시겠어요 deoreousigesseoyo |
더러우시겠습니다 deoreousigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 더러우셔 deoreousyeo |
더러우셔서 deoreousyeoseo |
더러우시니 deoreousini |
더러우시니까 deoreousinikka | |
| Contrast | 더러우시지만 deoreousijiman |
더러우신데 deoreousinde |
더러우시더니 deoreousideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 더러우시고 deoreousigo |
||||
| Condition | 더러우시면 deoreousimyeon |
더러우셔야 deoreousyeoya |
|||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 더러우심 deoreousim |
더러우시기 deoreousigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 더러우셨음 deoreousyeosseum |
더러우셨기 deoreousyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 더러우신 deoreousin | |||
| Future | 더러우실 deoreousil | ||||
Antonyms
- 깨끗하다 (kkaekkeuthada, “ to be clean”)
References
- National Institute of the Korean Language (Naver.com mirror) (2007 June 7 (last accessed)) “더럽다”, in 표준국어대사전[1]