두렵다
Korean
Etymology
First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 두립다 (Yale: twulipta).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [tuɾjʌ̹p̚t͈a̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [두렵따]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | duryeopda |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | dulyeobda |
| McCune–Reischauer? | turyŏpta |
| Yale Romanization? | twulyepta |
Adjective
두렵다 • (duryeopda) (irregular, infinitive 두려워, sequential 두려우니)
Conjugation
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 두렵다 duryeopda |
두려워 duryeowo |
두려워요 duryeowoyo |
두렵습니다 duryeopseumnida |
| Past | 두려웠다 duryeowotda |
두려웠어 duryeowosseo |
두려웠어요 duryeowosseoyo |
두려웠습니다 duryeowotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 두려우냐 duryeounya |
두려워 duryeowo |
두려워요 duryeowoyo |
두렵습니까 duryeopseumnikka |
| Past | 두려웠냐 duryeowonnya |
두려웠어 duryeowosseo |
두려웠어요 duryeowosseoyo |
두려웠습니까 duryeowotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 두렵겠다 duryeopgetda |
두렵겠어 duryeopgesseo |
두렵겠어요 duryeopgesseoyo |
두렵겠습니다 duryeopgetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 두려워 duryeowo |
두려워서 duryeowoseo |
두려우니 duryeouni |
두려우니까 duryeounikka | |
| Contrast | 두렵지만 duryeopjiman |
두려운데 duryeounde |
두렵더니 duryeopdeoni |
||
| Conjunction | 두렵고 duryeopgo |
||||
| Condition | 두려우면 duryeoumyeon |
두려워야 duryeowoya |
|||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 두려움 duryeoum |
두렵기 duryeopgi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 두려웠음 duryeowosseum |
두려웠기 duryeowotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 두려운 duryeoun | |||
| Future | 두려울 duryeoul | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain (해라체) | Informal (해체) | Polite (해요체) | Formal (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 두려우시다 duryeousida |
두려우셔 duryeousyeo |
두려우세요, 두려우셔요 duryeouseyo, duryeousyeoyo |
두려우십니다 duryeousimnida |
| Past | 두려우셨다 duryeousyeotda |
두려우셨어 duryeousyeosseo |
두려우셨어요 duryeousyeosseoyo |
두려우셨습니다 duryeousyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 두려우시냐 duryeousinya |
두려우셔 duryeousyeo |
두려우세요, 두려우셔요 duryeouseyo, duryeousyeoyo |
두려우십니까 duryeousimnikka |
| Past | 두려우셨냐 duryeousyeonnya |
두려우셨어 duryeousyeosseo |
두려우셨어요 duryeousyeosseoyo |
두려우셨습니까 duryeousyeotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 두려우시겠다 duryeousigetda |
두려우시겠어 duryeousigesseo |
두려우시겠어요 duryeousigesseoyo |
두려우시겠습니다 duryeousigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 두려우셔 duryeousyeo |
두려우셔서 duryeousyeoseo |
두려우시니 duryeousini |
두려우시니까 duryeousinikka | |
| Contrast | 두려우시지만 duryeousijiman |
두려우신데 duryeousinde |
두려우시더니 duryeousideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 두려우시고 duryeousigo |
||||
| Condition | 두려우시면 duryeousimyeon |
두려우셔야 duryeousyeoya |
|||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 두려우심 duryeousim |
두려우시기 duryeousigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 두려우셨음 duryeousyeosseum |
두려우셨기 duryeousyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 두려우신 duryeousin | |||
| Future | 두려우실 duryeousil | ||||
Synonyms
- 무섭다 (museopda)
References
- National Institute of the Korean Language (Naver.com mirror) (2007 June 7 (last accessed)) “두렵다”, in 표준국어대사전[1]