우르다

Middle Korean

Etymology

Possibly onomatopoeic. Related to 울다 (Yale: wulta) "to cry". Only restricted usages survive in Modern Korean.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ulɨta/
  • IPA^(key): [uɾɨda]

Verb

우르다〮 (wùlùtá)

1. (of an animal or bird) to roar, to bellow, to cry, to make a large sound
   • 1481, “杜位宅守歲 / 두위댁수세”, in 分類杜工部詩諺解 / 분류두공부시언해:

     멀허〮멧〮ᄆᆞ리〮우르고〮

     mèlhém-éy-s mòl-í wùlùkwó

     The horses in the stables neigh loudly, and...

   • 1481, “寄韋有夏卽中 / 기위유하즉중”, in 分類杜工部詩諺解 / 분류두공부시언해:

     ᄀᆞᆯ며기ᄂᆞᆫ〮ᄂᆞᆯ〮개ᄅᆞᆯ싯고〮우르놋〮다

     kòlmyèkì-nón nólkày-lòl sìskwó wùlùnwóstà

     the seagull bears its wings and cries

   • 1511, “烈女圖 / 열녀도”, in 三綱行實圖 / 삼강행실도:

     그낤〮바〮ᄆᆡ〮버〯미ᄯᅩ와우르거늘〮

     kù nál-s pám-óy pěm-ì stò wà wùlùkènúl

     That night, the tiger came again and roared

2. (of a person) to shout
   • 1463, 法華經諺解 / 법화경언해, page 2:200b:

     놀〯라〮怨(원)讐(슈)ㅣ여〮일ᄏᆞ라〮ᄀᆞ자ᇰ〮울오〮ᄃᆡ〮

     nwǒllá WEN.SYWU-ìyé ìlkhòlá kòcáng wùlGwótóy

     Surprised, he said, shouting most loudly, "You enemy [of mine]!"

   • 1482, 南明集諺解 / 남명집언해, page II:37a:

     세서레곧能(느ᇰ)히키우르ᄂᆞ니

     sey sel-ey kwot NUNG-hi khi wulunoni

     At the age of three, he could straightaway shout loudly

3. (figurative, of a natural object) to roar, to rage
   • 1481, “水宿遣興奉呈群公 / 수숙견흥봉정군공”, in 分類杜工部詩諺解 / 분류두공부시언해:

     ᄇᆞᄅᆞ매우르는소리란버믈드르리로소니

     polom-ay wulunun swoli-lan pem-ul tululilwoswoni

     for the sound of the roar of the wind is like listening to a tiger

   • 1481, “立秋雨院中有作 / 입추우원중유작”, in 分類杜工部詩諺解 / 분류두공부시언해:

     ᄀᆞᄅᆞ〮미우르니〮믌〮氣(긔)運(운)이〮ᄠᅦᆺ〮도다〮

     kòlóm-ì wùlùní múl-s KUY.WUN-í ptéystwòtá

     as the river roars, how the water's mist is afloat!

Conjugation

Accentual class LL~L irregular stem

Declarative	Connective	Infinitive	Conditional
우르다〮 (wùlùtá)	우르고〮 (wùlùkwó)	울어〮 (wùlGé)	우르면〮 (wùlùmyén)

Descendants

• Korean: 으르다 (eureuda, “to threaten”)
• ⇒ Korean: 우레 (ure, “thunder”)
• ⇒ Korean: 으르렁 (eureureong, onomatopoeia of roaring)
• ⇒ Korean: 우렁차다 (ureongchada, “to be loud”)

References

• 이동석 [idongseok] (2009) “중세국어 '우르다'에 대한 어휘사적 연구 [jungsegugeo ureuda e daehan eohwisajeok yeon'gu]”, in Gugeosa yeon'gu, volume 9, pages 211—237