춥다

Korean

Etymology

First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 칩다 (Yale: chipta).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕʰup̚t͈a̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [춥따]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	chupda
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	chubda
McCune–Reischauer?	ch'upta
Yale Romanization?	chwupta

Adjective

춥다 • (chupda) (irregular, infinitive 추워, sequential 추우니)

1. (usually, of weather) (to be) cold

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the adjective 춥다 (chupda): consonant-stem, ㅂ(b)-irregular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	춥다 chupda	추워 chuwo	추워요 chuwoyo	춥습니다 chupseumnida
	Past	추웠다 chuwotda	추웠어 chuwosseo	추웠어요 chuwosseoyo	추웠습니다 chuwotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	추우냐 chuunya	추워 chuwo	추워요 chuwoyo	춥습니까 chupseumnikka
	Past	추웠냐 chuwonnya	추웠어 chuwosseo	추웠어요 chuwosseoyo	추웠습니까 chuwotseumnikka
Assertive		춥겠다 chupgetda	춥겠어 chupgesseo	춥겠어요 chupgesseoyo	춥겠습니다 chupgetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		추워 chuwo	추워서 chuwoseo	추우니 chuuni	추우니까 chuunikka
Contrast		춥지만 chupjiman	추운데 chuunde	춥더니 chupdeoni
Conjunction		춥고 chupgo
Condition		추우면 chuumyeon	추워야 chuwoya
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		추움 chuum	춥기 chupgi
Past-tense verbal nouns		추웠음 chuwosseum	추웠기 chuwotgi
Determiners	Present		추운 chuun
	Future		추울 chuul

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Plain (해라체)	Informal (해체)	Polite (해요체)	Formal (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	추우시다 chuusida	추우셔 chuusyeo	추우세요, 추우셔요 chuuseyo, chuusyeoyo	추우십니다 chuusimnida
	Past	추우셨다 chuusyeotda	추우셨어 chuusyeosseo	추우셨어요 chuusyeosseoyo	추우셨습니다 chuusyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	추우시냐 chuusinya	추우셔 chuusyeo	추우세요, 추우셔요 chuuseyo, chuusyeoyo	추우십니까 chuusimnikka
	Past	추우셨냐 chuusyeonnya	추우셨어 chuusyeosseo	추우셨어요 chuusyeosseoyo	추우셨습니까 chuusyeotseumnikka
Assertive		추우시겠다 chuusigetda	추우시겠어 chuusigesseo	추우시겠어요 chuusigesseoyo	추우시겠습니다 chuusigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		추우셔 chuusyeo	추우셔서 chuusyeoseo	추우시니 chuusini	추우시니까 chuusinikka
Contrast		추우시지만 chuusijiman	추우신데 chuusinde	추우시더니 chuusideoni
Conjunction		추우시고 chuusigo
Condition		추우시면 chuusimyeon	추우셔야 chuusyeoya
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		추우심 chuusim	추우시기 chuusigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		추우셨음 chuusyeosseum	추우셨기 chuusyeotgi
Determiners	Present		추우신 chuusin
	Future		추우실 chuusil

See also

• 차다 (chada)
• 차갑다 (chagapda, “ to be cold”)

References

• National Institute of the Korean Language (Naver.com mirror) (2007 June 2 (last accessed)) “춥다”, in 표준국어대사전‎^[1]